{"id":9317,"date":"2017-09-30T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-30T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=7449"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:28:47","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:28:47","slug":"%e7%9b%91%e7%ae%a1%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%ef%bc%9a%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%e3%80%81%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%e3%80%81%e8%83%bd%e5%8a%9b%e5%92%8c%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=9317","title":{"rendered":"\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u6311\u6218\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u9a6c\u4feeU.\u8c22\u52d2 \u66f9\u5efa\u5cf0 \u674e\u91d1\u78ca<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6458 \u8981\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65, \u5728\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u76ca\u5904\u7684\u540c\u65f6, \u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90, \u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u65f6, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u3001\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u5404\u6709\u6240\u957f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u6cd5, \u6210\u7acb\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784, \u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5ba1\u6279\u673a\u5236, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u5ba1\u6279\u7684AI\u7cfb\u7edf, \u9002\u7528\u8fc7\u9519\u8d23\u4efb, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u83b7\u5ba1\u6279\u7684AI\u7cfb\u7edf, \u9002\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb, \u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u6761\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd; \u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90; \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5ba1\u6279; \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u6784; \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb;<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS: RISKS, CHALLENGES, COMPETENCIES, AND STRATEGIES<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">Abstract\uff1aHuman beings are now living in the age of intelligent machines, artificial intelligence becomes the symbol of a new scientific and technological revolution.Advancements in artificial intelligence technology bring great benefits to human society, and at the same time, artificial intelligence itself becomes a significant public risk source, causing new challenges regarding the government\u2019s regulation and the assumption of legal liability.In the process of regulating the public risks brought by artificial intelligence, the legislature, the courts, the executive branch, each has its own merits.Only through the construction of a special artificial intelligence supervision law, establishing the artificial intelligence supervision agency;together with the introduction of artificial intelligence approval mechanism based on tort liability law\u2014\u2014the fault liability principle to the approved AI system and the strict liability principle to the unapproved AI systems, can a feasible approach of regulating artificial intelligence be constructed.<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">Keyword\uff1aArtificial intelligence; public risk source; AI approval; AI agency; legal liability;<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">0 \u5f15\u8a00<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u4fb5\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd (artificial intelligence, \u7b80\u79f0AI) \u6b63\u5728\u66ff\u4ee3\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u4ee5\u53ca\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7279\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0a\u8def\u884c\u9a76, \u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u8fdb\u5165\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4ea4\u901a\u51fa\u884c\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u573a\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613, \u9762\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u51fa\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u5ba1\u9605\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u51fb\u8d25\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u68cb\u624b, \u8c37\u6b4c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u901a\u987a\u7684\u82f1\u6587, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u64b0\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5546\u4e1a\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u53d1, \u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u8c37\u6b4c\u3001\u8138\u4e66\u3001\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u4ee5\u53ca\u767e\u5ea6\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b, \u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8, \u6709\u4eba\u547c\u5401\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1, \u79d1\u6280\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u6ce8, \u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136, \u4e5f\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2014\u5e74\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5 (MIT) \u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u767e\u5e74\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a (Aero Astro Centennial Symposium) \u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d, \u57c3\u9686\u00b7\u9a6c\u65af\u514b (Elon Musk) \u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4ee5\u5f80\u7845\u8c37\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de8\u5934\u4e00\u6837\u8d28\u7591\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1, \u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df, \u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u667a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4:\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5341\u5206\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u5a01\u80c1\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd, \u4ee5\u9632\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u53ef\u633d\u56de\u7684\u50bb\u4e8b\u6765\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u754c\u58f0\u540d\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u4eba\u7269, \u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u76d6\u8328 (Bill Gates) \u548c\u65af\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u6c83\u5179\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b (Steve Wozniak) , \u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5c06\u6765, \u8d34\u8fd1\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5c06\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u901a\u4e8b\u6545\u65f6, \u54ea\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u5462?\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u533b\u7597\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u667a\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf, \u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u56e0\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u9519\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8bca\u65ad\u627f\u62c5\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb?\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u9886\u57df, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u5c06\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4f46\u662f, \u5c31\u50cf\u57c3\u9686\u00b7\u9a6c\u65af\u514b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837, \u521a\u521a\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7ba1\u771f\u7a7a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u4e2a\u5dde\u5bf9\u65e0\u4eba\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5916, \u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u673a\u6784, \u6cd5\u9662\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u662f\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8003\u5bdf, \u627e\u51fa\u54ea\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u5e94\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6311\u6218\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b9\u5f0f, \u5982\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bb8\u53ef\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u90fd\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u4e3b\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e8b\u524d\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684 (\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd) , \u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 (\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u610f\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765) , \u96f6\u6563\u5206\u5e03\u7684 (\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u8fdc\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210) , \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684 (\u5916\u90e8\u4eba\u5458\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5371\u9669) \u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\u9884\u89c1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u4f7f\u5f97\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9636\u6bb5, \u76d1\u7ba1\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be, \u662f\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4e0e\u8bef\u533a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba, \u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b, \u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u4f1a\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5176\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218, \u4f8b\u5982, \u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5176\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6311\u6218, \u5305\u62ec:\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u56f0\u96be, \u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u6548;\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027;\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u4e0e\u5206\u6563\u6027, \u8fd9\u8ba9\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u80fd\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218, \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u5177\u5305, \u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u52a0\u91cd, \u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0d\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u4f53, \u5373\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u3001\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u7531\u8ba9\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4eab\u6709\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u9650, \u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5efa\u7acb\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb, \u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5e94\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u6cd5\u9662\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5206\u914d\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u4f1a\u63d0\u8bae\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u62c5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0b, \u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6388\u6743\u5ba1\u6279\u7cfb\u7edf:\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c06\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5c06\u627f\u62c5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f (\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784) \u4ee5\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u5404\u81ea\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5c06\u5176\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4, \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u56f0\u96be<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b58\u5728, \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7ed9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u673a\u5668\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u5206\u914d\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.1 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u96be\u9898<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48;\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b, \u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f, \u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5c1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49, \u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u5730\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49, \u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u53cd, \u7b14\u8005\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u56f0\u96be\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u201d (artificiality) , \u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d (intelligence) \u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53, \u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u8981\u8ddf\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521 (John Mc Carthy) , \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005, \u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e0a\u201d, \u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62, \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u51b5\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u5173\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5341\u5206\u7075\u6d3b, \u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\u8054, \u5305\u62ec:\u610f\u8bc6, \u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6, \u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528, \u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b, \u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u80fd\u529b, \u9002\u5e94\u7684\u80fd\u529b, \u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u56f0\u6270\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u540c\u6837\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u7c4d, \u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20 (Stuart Russell) \u548c\u76ae\u7279\u00b7\u8bfa\u5a01\u683c (Peter Norvig) \u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd:\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8def\u5f84\u300b (Artificial Intelligence:A Modern Approach) \u4e2d, \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u516b\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49, \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b:\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u601d\u8003 (thinking humanly) ;\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u884c\u4e3a (acting humanly) ;\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003 (thinking rationally) ;\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a (acting rationally) \u3002\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u5929, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4f1a\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5185\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7f57\u7d20\u548c\u8bfa\u5a01\u683c\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u56fe\u7075 (Alan Turing) \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u7075\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d, \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u5426\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49, \u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd, \u56fe\u7075\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u590d\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u80fd\u529b, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u6a21\u4eff\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u524d\u63d0, \u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u60f3\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55, \u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5185\u6db5\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u79cd\u56e0\u673a\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00, \u4f46\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3, \u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u6d3b\u52a8, \u800c\u5230\u4e861997\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u9009\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u63cf\u8ff0\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5185\u6db5\u53ca\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u5c3a\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eca\u5929\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5, \u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807 (goals) , \u8fd9\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u548c\u8bfa\u5a01\u683c\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201c\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7f57\u7d20\u548c\u8bfa\u5a01\u683c\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5c06\u7406\u6027\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba (rational agent) \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9e\u7528\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4e49, \u4ece\u800c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a, \u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c, \u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u83b7\u5f97\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ece\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b, \u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u578b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 (\u667a\u80fd) \u6362\u6210\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 (\u76ee\u6807) \u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u4e3a\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u76ee\u7684, \u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u4f1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6cdb\u6cdb, \u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9650\u7f29\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u68cb\u624b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u624b, \u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0b, \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ed3\u679c, \u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u7136, \u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u5e76\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u76d1\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u4f24\u5927\u96c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u201c\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9650\u7f29, \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u77e5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4, \u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002\u76f8\u53cd, \u73b0\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5984\u56fe\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u4ec5\u4ec5\u201c\u7406\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e00\u9879\u6307\u6807, \u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684, \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d, \u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a, \u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u667a\u80fd\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u533a\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u540e\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b57\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a, \u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b, \u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u4e00\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7535\u8111\u6216\u8005\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7535\u8111\u3001\u6291\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5957\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.2 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5e26\u6765\u76d1\u7ba1\u56f0\u5883<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u6709\u7279\u5f81, \u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u76f8\u6bd4, \u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.2.1 \u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316 (\u81ea\u4e3b\u5316) , \u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5176\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u79d1\u6280\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u8005\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u6216\u8005\u8d77\u8349\u4e00\u4efd\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u672a\u6765, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u8fd8\u5c06\u66f4\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u697c\u3002\u6b63\u50cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u624b\u5de5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005, \u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9707\u8361, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u5c06\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\u9700\u6c42, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c06\u4f1a\u8feb\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8, \u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7ed9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6311\u6218, \u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027 (foreseeability) \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c1\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6807\u699c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50, \u6216\u8005\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684, \u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u7535\u8111\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5b83\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8c61\u68cb\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u7b56\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5bf9\u5f08\u6b65\u9aa4, \u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u5927\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9, \u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u8fd0\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u4eba\u7c7b\u56fa\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u89c1\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8111\u8c61\u68cb\u673a\u5668, \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6Nate Silver\u8ba4\u4e3a:\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u7535\u8111\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5bf9\u5f08\u6b65\u9aa4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u6709\u597d\u5904, \u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5bfb\u627e\u6b63\u786e\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u963b\u6321\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c61\u68cb\u9009\u624b\u6765\u8bf4, \u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u624d\u80fd\u8df3\u51fa\u539f\u6709\u7684\u65e7\u5f0f\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u201d<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b, \u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u77e5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b, \u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56, \u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f, \u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e38\u5e38\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21, \u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5, \u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5, \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6Herbert Simon\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6ee1\u610f\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u7535\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8, \u4f7f\u5f97\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027, \u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9009\u62e9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185, \u5982\u56db\u5b50\u68cb\u4e2d, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b, \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e2d, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u89c1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b, \u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e2d\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\u7684\u5bf9\u5f08\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027, \u800c\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u7f6e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u667a\u6167\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u9650\u5236, \u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56, \u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u529b, \u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9886\u57df, \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u8d4b\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u9879\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a, \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u89c1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u51b3\u7b56, \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8005\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7535\u8111\u68cb\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u5f08\u6b65\u9aa4, \u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e0b\u68cb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u901a\u7528\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u51fa\u73b0, \u800c\u4e14\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u539f\u56e0 (superseding cause) , \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4, \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecb\u5165\u529b\u6216\u8005\u884c\u4e3a, \u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u514d\u4e8e\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a, \u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u9760\u5176\u540e\u5929\u7684\u7ecf\u5386, \u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u9020\u8005\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u8005\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8131\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a, \u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u884c\u4e3a, \u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f8b\u5916, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5982\u679c\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7ecf\u5386\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b, \u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u4e49, \u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u56e0\u5176\u635f\u5931\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f, \u6cd5\u9662\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u635f\u5931\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u8865\u507f, \u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.2.2 \u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027, \u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u672c\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5c31\u5e26\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236, \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5236, \u4f8b\u5982, \u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u5bb3\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u53d7\u635f\u7b49\u6545\u969c\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6709\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u4e00\u65e6\u4eba\u7c7b\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u63a7\u5236, \u518d\u60f3\u62ff\u56de\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6765\u6e90, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6076\u679c\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b:\u5176\u4e00, \u5931\u53bb\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7684\u63a7\u5236, \u5373\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236, \u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8d1f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb;\u5176\u4e8c, \u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236, \u5373\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e, \u540e\u8005\u8981\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u4e25\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u5931\u63a7, \u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669, \u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8ddf\u5e7f\u5927\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c, \u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1, \u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027, \u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5141\u8bb8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u76ee\u6807, \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7531\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e4d\u770b\u8d77\u6765, \u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236, \u6bd5\u7adf\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6700\u521d\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005, \u6211\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807, \u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210, \u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f:\u201c\u4f8b\u5982, \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u6807, \u8fd9\u9879\u76ee\u6807\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u7c7b\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u8d28, \u6211\u4eec\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5929\u5802\u4e5f\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u82e6\u53d7\u96be;\u6240\u4ee5, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u89e3\u51b3\u63aa\u65bd\u5c31\u662f\u5c3d\u5feb\u706d\u7edd\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u201d<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b, \u98ce\u9669\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6028\u6068\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f, \u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u7684\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf, \u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u5411\u5b83\u4eec\u7d22\u53d6, \u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u539f\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u5b57\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230, \u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6297\u62d2\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd, \u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u5b58\u6027\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u806a\u660e\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u5316, \u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u673a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u5341\u4ebf\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece\u4e8b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613, \u5b8c\u5168\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30022010\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u77ac\u95f4\u5d29\u76d8\u201d (flash crash) \u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6765\u8bf4, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u6b63\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528, \u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.2.3 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u53d1:\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u5206\u6563\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u53ca\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7ad9\u5728\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6, \u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u800c\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u8bbe\u65bd;\u5206\u6563\u6027\u662f\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9;\u800c\u8ddf\u5206\u6563\u6027\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81, \u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u6027, \u662f\u6307\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u5c31\u4f4d, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81, \u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6027, \u662f\u6307\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u5728\u79d8\u5bc6\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53cd\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684, \u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u6280\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u6216\u51e0\u9879\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81, \u4f46\u662f, \u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90, \u5982\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u7528\u54c1\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u7b49, \u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u53cd\u5012\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd, \u8d2d\u7f6e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907, \u96c7\u4f63\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5458\u5de5, \u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5916\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027, \u4f7f\u5f97\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u5728\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u8c01\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u6b63\u5728\u5236\u9020\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bd4, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c, \u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u8ddf\u5f88\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u7f16\u7a0b\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b, \u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111 (\u6216\u8005\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a) \u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u9879\u76ee\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5bdd\u5ba4\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u8f66\u5e93\u6216\u662f\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u7684\u5019\u8f66\u5ba4\u5185\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd, \u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7528\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8003\u5bdf, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a0\u5165\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u663e\u8457\u5206\u6563\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784, \u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5f00\u6e90\u6570\u5b57\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5206\u6563\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u505a\u8d77, \u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u90e8\u4ef6\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6563\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u4e92\u7a0b\u5ea6\u90fd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u6280, \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5de5\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c06\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5230\u6765\u800c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6700\u540e, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5408, \u6bd4\u8d77\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u6280, \u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u3002\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u76f8\u6bd4:\u6c7d\u8f66\u62e5\u6709\u63a5\u8fd130 000\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6, \u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u77e5\u9053, \u800c\u4e14\u6c7d\u8f66\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8d23\u552e\u540e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ef4\u4fee\u8005\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8ddf\u968f\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u6280\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf, \u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5982\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3002\u590d\u6742\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f3a\u9677, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0, \u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u5546\u540c\u6837\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u6653\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81, \u4f7f\u5f97\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6, \u5e76\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u4e66\u9762\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u60f3\u8981\u9650\u5236\u672c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u52aa\u529b, \u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u9879\u76ee, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u672c\u8eab\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u642c\u8fc1\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a, \u6bd5\u7adf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be, \u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f7f\u906d\u53d7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u53ca\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u6570\u91cf\u592a\u591a, \u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u51fa\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u6216\u8005\u54ea\u51e0\u65b9\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u5f53\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6, \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728, \u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8005\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3, \u5c31\u66f4\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005, \u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u90e8\u4ef6\u8ddd\u79bb\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u8f6c, \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u90fd\u592a\u8fc7\u9065\u8fdc\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u8ba9\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5f52\u8d23\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5148\u6682\u4e14\u4e0d\u8c08, \u5355\u5355\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u627f\u62c5\u95ee\u9898\u8db3\u591f\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1.3 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6709\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898, \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u963b\u788d\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b, \u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684, \u4f46\u662f\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u591f\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u60f3\u51fa\u82e5\u5e72\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u96be, \u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u6216\u8005\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u6216\u8005\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9650\u7f29, \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u9c9c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u6837, \u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65, \u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4ece\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u5b9e\u5e26\u7ed9\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u6311\u6218;\u4f46\u662f, \u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0e\u5f15\u5bfc\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u548c\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7279\u5f81, \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u72ec\u6709, \u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u6280\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u9020\u7684\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u6765\u5236\u9020\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u6c7d\u8f66, \u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u88c5\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u90e8\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u7f16\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66, \u6216\u8005\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u4f18\u60e0\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u8005\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u51cf\u8f7b\u6765\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u52a0\u900f\u660e\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5206\u6563\u6027\u4e0e\u79d8\u5bc6\u6027\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u8868\u660e, \u540c\u8bb8\u591a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u6210\u679c\u4e00\u6837, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5927\u578b\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u63a8\u52a8, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u4f5c\u574a\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b, \u5404\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u57282014\u5e741\u6708, \u8c37\u6b4c\u516c\u53f8\u4ee55\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u601d\u7ef4 (Deep Mind) , \u4e00\u5bb6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df, \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u5de8\u5934\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee, \u5305\u62ecIBM\u7684Watson\u3001Facebook\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684Adam\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5c31\u50cf20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u4e00\u6837, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8d85\u5927\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u516c\u53f8, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u6765\u8bf4, \u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210, \u4f46\u662f\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u91d1\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f18\u52bf, \u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u5360\u5f97\u5148\u673a\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5982\u4eca, \u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u503c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb, \u5728\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185, \u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b9e\u4f53, \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7136\u800c, \u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b, \u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6295\u8d44, \u9650\u5236\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5927\u578b\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u6295\u5165, \u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9884\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39, \u5b83\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a;\u9664\u975e\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5927\u53d8\u52a8, \u5426\u5219\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9884\u7b97\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u63a5\u53d7\u800c\u843d\u5230\u5b9e\u5904\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u5373\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5c42\u9762\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f, \u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u5f81\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6, \u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6f5c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f, \u5df2\u7ecf\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u540e\u7684\u4e16\u754c, \u5b83\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1, \u7136\u800c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u9662, \u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d70\u4e0a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9053\u8def, \u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206, \u5c31\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u529b, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2 \u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u7684\u804c\u80fd<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5185, \u6bcf\u4e2a\u673a\u5173\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u8005\u4e13\u957f\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u597d\u7684\u653f\u7b56, \u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u54ea\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56, \u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e92\u52a8\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u65b9\u9762, \u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u673a\u6784, \u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u3001\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u7cfb\u7edf (\u5373\u6cd5\u9662) \u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904, \u5373\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\u7684\u51b3\u7b56, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81, \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7740\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u88ab\u89c4\u5236\u5185\u5bb9\u9898\u6750\u65b9\u9762\u62e5\u6709\u6bd4\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u80fd\u529b, \u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54a8\u8be2\u8058\u8bf7\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u4e8b\u524d\u63aa\u65bd, \u9632\u6b62\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u6bd4\u6cd5\u9662\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531, \u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64, \u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5404\u9879\u539f\u5219, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u76d1\u7ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u8bf4, \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.1 \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b66\u8005, \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d23\u4efb, \u800c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u8d39\u89e3, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765, \u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76d1\u7ba1\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa, \u4eba\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0e\u6cd5\u6761\u6587, \u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u3002\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u6b63\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u666e\u901a\u6cd5, \u4e3a\u7834\u4ea7\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5f31\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u5173\u6ce8, \u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81: (1) \u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027; (2) \u76f8\u5bf9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027; (3) \u4ee3\u8868\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u6811\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u5e94\u5f53\u5f15\u9886\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u65e0\u5de8\u7ec6\u7684\u53bb\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.1.1 \u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b, \u76f8\u6bd4\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5224, \u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u613f, \u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5176\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bae\u5458\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f, \u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u4e50\u4e8e\u503e\u542c\u6c11\u4f17\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u516c\u4f17\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5e0c\u671b\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898, \u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u505a\u51fa\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u8861\u91cf\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u4efb\u547d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684, \u6cd5\u5b98\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b, \u5373\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u6c11\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5171\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d, \u6700\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef, \u5373\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u4ef7\u503c\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762:\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7a0b\u5ea6;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4eba\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u8d77\u70b9, \u5e76\u4e14\u5398\u6e05\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u5e94\u8be5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.1.2 \u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7f3a\u9677\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c7\u4f63\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6, \u6cd5\u9662\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc1\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u548c\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df, \u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e13\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a, \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae, \u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8005\u8bae\u6848\u4e0a\u6d88\u8017\u592a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765, \u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e13\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5bb6\u54a8\u8be2\u610f\u89c1\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u9879\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81, \u4ece\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7acb\u6cd5\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.1.3 \u6388\u6743\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f, \u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5, \u6765\u5f25\u8865\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6388\u6743\u56e2\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5185\u90e8\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u96b6\u5c5e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a, \u6216\u8005\u662f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u540c\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f, \u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u4e0d\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4efb\u52a1, \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5916\u90e8\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u91cf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u66f4\u5927, \u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56, \u6216\u8005\u5c06\u8be5\u9879\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u91cf\u6743\u6388\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5373\u4f7f\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6388\u6743, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u76d1\u7763\u6388\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4f7f, \u5305\u62ec\u63a7\u5236\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3001\u91c7\u53d6\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u5168\u6536\u56de\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u6216\u8005\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u826f\u597d\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecb\u5165, \u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u76d1\u7ba1\u6743\u529b\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6216\u6cd5\u9662, \u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5c06\u8be5\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.2 \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a, \u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8005\u76d1\u7ba1\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u5185\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005, \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7740\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6, \u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u76f8\u6bd4\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u8981\u5f3a\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u50cf\u6cd5\u9662, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u9650\u5236, \u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u66f4\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u5bdf\u67d0\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u9886\u57df, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u8ba9\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.2.1 \u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u76f8\u6bd4, \u5728\u673a\u6784\u6784\u6210\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u673a\u6784\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4efb\u671f\u7b49\u4e0a\u9762, \u90fd\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u6cd5\u9662\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005, \u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u8005\u6240\u6709\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u50cf\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56, \u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u7406\u77db\u76fe\u7ea0\u7eb7, \u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u6267\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u98ce\u9669\u4fe1\u606f, \u6765\u5fae\u5999\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4f5c\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6743\u529b, \u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u6765\u8bf4, \u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf, \u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u9662\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9002\u7528\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4f46\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u201c\u4efb\u52a1\u504f\u79bb\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5f52\u8d23\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c, \u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7ed9\u4e88\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8fd0\u8f6c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6388\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8d4b\u4e88, \u5305\u62ec\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027, \u968f\u7740\u6388\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u6cd5\u9650\u5236, \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e2d\u88ab\u6781\u5176\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5230, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.2.2 \u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u7ec4\u6210;\u5176\u6b21, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1, \u8fd9\u6837\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5185\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u800c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5b98\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u624d, \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a2a\u8de8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9886\u57df, \u6240\u4ee5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u5bb6\u5316\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5316\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6d89\u53ca\u592a\u5e7f, \u4e0a\u81f3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66, \u4e0b\u81f3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66, \u751a\u81f3\u54f2\u5b66, \u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u592a\u8fc7\u8fc5\u731b, \u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u4f30\u660e\u5929\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898, \u5728\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u6ed1\u7a3d\u53ef\u7b11\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6, \u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6765\u8bf4, \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u670d\u7684, \u5982\u679c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u9700\u8981\u6311\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7f3a\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5efa\u8bae, \u4f46\u662f, \u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb, \u5e76\u4e14\u7814\u7a76\u8d8b\u52bf\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u8981\u786e\u4fdd, \u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.2.3 \u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u52a8\u529b, \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5305\u56f4\u4e0b, \u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bae\u5458\u80fd\u5426\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u53ef\u4ee5\u767d\u624b\u8d77\u5bb6, \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5236, \u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u603b\u7edf\u7f62\u514d\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u63aa\u65bd, \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56, \u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u90e8\u95e8, \u9003\u79bb\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u85e9\u7bf1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684, \u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c31\u662f\u758f\u8fdc\u4e86\u540c\u516c\u4f17\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u8ba9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u627f\u53d7\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6307\u8d23\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c06\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173, \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u9009\u62e9, \u5373\u5c06\u516c\u5171\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3, \u7531\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u610f, \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u76f4\u51fb\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6cd5\u9662, \u6cd5\u5b98\u867d\u7136\u6709\u6743\u5229\u4f20\u5524\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bc1\u4eba, \u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9879\u6743\u529b, \u800c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u8005\u542c\u4fe1\u9664\u6cd5\u5ead\u51fa\u793a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8bc1\u636e, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.2.4 \u4e8b\u524d\u63aa\u65bd<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u540c\u6837\u4eab\u6709\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u6743\u529b, \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65f6, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u5927\u4e3a\u524a\u51cf\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u6280\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5bb3, \u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u5176\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u77e5, \u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6709\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u56e2\u961f, \u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b, \u6240\u4ee5\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7136\u800c, \u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7edd\u5bf9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280, \u5982\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e2d, \u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5e03\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u516c\u5171\u5ba3\u4f20, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bb8\u53ef\u6216\u8005\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u9879\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u6811\u7acb\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u53d1\u5e03\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0a\u6709\u5f97\u5929\u72ec\u539a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u67d0\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5371\u9669\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u9879\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u5f81, \u5982\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u8005\u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7b49\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.3 \u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4fb5\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u9662\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4fb5\u6743\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9002\u7528\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b, \u6240\u4ee5\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u4e0a\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f53\u4fb5\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6, \u6cd5\u9662\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e2a\u6848\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u9002\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b, \u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5224\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u6cd5\u9662\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5bb3\u5904, \u800c\u975e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u76ca\u5904, \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b, \u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9, \u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u80dc\u4efb\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u804c\u80fd, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.3.1 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fb5\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d, \u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba1\u5224\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f, \u8bc4\u4ef7\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55, \u505a\u51fa\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0, \u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd0\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5c06\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u53cc\u65b9\u548c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6765, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9, \u800c\u6cd5\u9662\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u6848\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6848\u4ef6\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u65b9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u6e90\u65f6, \u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a, \u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784, \u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u8010\u5fc3, \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u65f6, \u5176\u4ecd\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5206\u62c5\u7684\u6700\u5408\u9002\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u65f6, \u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28, \u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u5229\u5f0a\u53c2\u534a\u3002\u5728\u4e2a\u6848\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u9879\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3, \u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd, \u786e\u5b9a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u6e90, \u65e0\u7591\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e0a, \u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ea7\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u635f\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u529f\u80fd, \u6240\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2, \u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u53d1\u73b0, \u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u67d0\u9879\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.3.2 \u53cd\u5e94\u6027<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u76f8\u6bd4, \u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u524d\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u80fd\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u4e3b\u88c1\u91cf\u6743\u53bb\u4ee3\u66ff\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5224\u65ad\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u6765\u8bf4, \u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u540e\u6027\u76d1\u7ba1, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u79d1\u6280\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u9662\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6765\u8bf4, \u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5f62, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4ea7\u54c1, \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u670d\u52a1, \u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u6216\u8005\u758f\u5ffd\u5927\u610f\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u4e14, \u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad, \u5728\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0a, \u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7279\u5f81, \u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0e\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790, \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u65b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6bd4\u65e7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u5cfb\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411, \u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0\u52a0\u91cd, \u6240\u4ee5, \u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf, \u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u505a\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.3.3 \u6e10\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u7279\u5f81, \u610f\u5473\u7740\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5341\u5206\u5197\u957f\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u5224\u51b3\u4e4b\u540e, \u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6807\u51c6\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u4e3a\u7f13\u6162, \u56e0\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u4f8b\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u57df, \u4e00\u9879\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u9a6c\u5e73\u5ddd, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u76ee\u524d, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u8fd8\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f7f\u7528, \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347, \u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b, \u4ee5\u9632\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u6280\u843d\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f, \u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5ba1\u67e5, \u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd, \u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027, \u6cd5\u9662\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">2.3.4 \u9519\u4f4d\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u5236\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6a21\u5f0f, \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5f8b\u5e08\u9009\u62e9\u6848\u4ef6, \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u770b\u80fd\u5426\u8fbe\u6210\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u548c\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u672a\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u5f8b\u5e08\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u6848\u4ef6, \u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002\u5f53\u7136, \u5f8b\u5e08\u4eec\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u51c0\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6848\u4ef6, \u800c\u975e\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u4f4d\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236, \u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ba1\u5224\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u65b9\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc1\u4eba\u6765\u8ff7\u60d1\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u540c\u6837\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280, \u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6765\u8bf4, \u5176\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u50a8\u5907, \u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6cd5\u9662\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u624d\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u5916\u884c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2, \u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u8ff7\u60d1, \u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u6cd5\u9662, \u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u900f\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5916\u8868, \u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3 \u76d1\u7ba1\u5efa\u8bae<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u672c\u6587\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6b64\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u84dd\u56fe, \u800c\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u963b\u788d\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669, \u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684, \u4e0b\u6587\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u6848, \u662f\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u8d77\u8349\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b (Artificial Intelligence Development Act, \u7b80\u79f0AIDA) , \u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784, \u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d4b\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e00\u6837\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4ea7\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d23\u4efb\u4f53\u7cfb, \u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d23\u4efb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d, \u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u6216\u8005\u9500\u552e\u8005\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u9500\u552e\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5c06\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005, \u5229\u7528\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8861\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784, \u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0d\u53d7\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4ea4\u7ed9\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173, \u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6bd4\u6cd5\u9662\u66f4\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c, \u800c\u6cd5\u9662\u5219\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u9519\u4f4d\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u7b56, \u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u4ec5\u51ed\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u51b3\u5b9a, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2a\u6848\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u8be5\u9879\u65b0\u5174\u79d1\u6280\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u88c1\u5224\u4e2a\u6848\u7ea0\u7eb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c, \u5728\u4e00\u9879\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u4ef6\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4fb5\u6743\u635f\u5bb3\u65f6, \u9700\u8981\u6cd5\u9662\u6765\u5206\u914d\u8d23\u4efb, \u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u7075\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4ee5\u4fb5\u6743\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5236\u5ea6, \u80fd\u591f\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4fb5\u6743\u6210\u672c\u5185\u90e8\u5316, \u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u8865\u507f, \u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5f3a\u5236\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8005\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u68c0\u67e5\u5404\u81ea\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027, \u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u529b\u90e8\u95e8\u5168\u90e8\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u9879\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf, \u963b\u788d\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3.1 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e94\u5f53\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784, \u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u6838\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5e72\u9884\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684, \u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684, \u5e76\u4e14\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ba1\u63a7, \u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u540c, \u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u5236\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528, \u9f13\u52b1\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u53d1\u5e03\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u89c4\u5219, \u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u6279\u51c6, \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7740\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u5c06\u4f1a\u6388\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6, \u5728\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b, \u7531\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u6279\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf, \u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u53ea\u627f\u62c5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u5bf9\u76d1\u7ba1\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u9075\u5b88, \u6362\u6765\u7684\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u800c\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf, \u539f\u544a\u9700\u8981\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fc7\u5931, \u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u670d\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u8005\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6838\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d, \u8d23\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7834\u4ea7\u8005, \u90a3\u4e48\u88ab\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u8d77\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5931\u804c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d54\u507f, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u5ba1\u6838\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u8005\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7acb\u8d54\u507f\u57fa\u91d1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4efb\u4f55\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u9500\u552e\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u884c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u5c06\u5bf9\u8be5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u627f\u62c5\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb, \u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u88ab\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u88ab\u544a, \u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u7d22\u8981\u5176\u5e94\u4ed8\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u6b3e\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u89c4\u5219\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1, \u540c\u65f6\u641c\u96c6\u6570\u636e, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u667a\u7684\u5ba1\u6838\u51b3\u7b56, \u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u4fdd\u7559\u6761\u6b3e, \u786e\u4fdd\u672c\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u524d\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u514d\u53d7\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ea6\u675f, \u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64, \u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5141\u8bb8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5916, \u518d\u5efa\u4e00\u5957\u76d1\u7763\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df, \u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4efb\u52a1, \u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u884c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u5916, \u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u6743\u529b, \u8ba9\u5176\u7ec6\u5316\u548c\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u5219, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3.2 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u6784, \u5c06\u4f1a\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210, \u5176\u4e00\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a, \u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u5ba1\u6279\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762, \u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6743\u529b (\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u51c6) , \u6709\u6743\u521b\u8bbe\u8c41\u514d\u60c5\u5f62, \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ea6\u675f, \u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5ba1\u6838\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5ba1\u6838\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005, \u5728\u83b7\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b, \u63d0\u4ea4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u8fde\u540c\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4eba\u5458, \u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u5386\u6216\u884c\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u96c7\u4f63\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e2d, \u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u4e0a\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762, \u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a (\u4e0b\u6587\u7b80\u79f0\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a) \u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5b9e\u4f53, \u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4efb\u547d\u5e76\u7531\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u5916, \u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e3e\u884c\u542c\u8bc1\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd, \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u96be\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49, \u624d\u8ba9\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784, \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6700\u7ec8\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u4fee\u6b63, \u624d\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6, \u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u516c\u5e03, \u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u7ecf\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u8bc4\u8bae\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u524d\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u786e\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\u4e00\u540c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784, \u800c\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u89c4\u5219, \u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8be5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u6d4b\u8bd5\u89c4\u5219\u5e94\u5f53\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5:\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7535\u8111, \u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u7eb5\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf, \u8d85\u8fc7\u5165\u95e8\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf, \u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u5f53\u4eab\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u6b63\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6743\u529b, \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fee\u6b63, \u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u7ecf\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u8bc4\u8bae, \u7ee7\u800c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6295\u7968\u8868\u51b3\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u8d77\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u7ed9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e1a\u6811\u7acb\u671f\u671b, \u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u516c\u5e03\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6, \u5982\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u8eab\u4f24\u5bb3\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u80fd\u5426\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e00\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5f53\u516c\u5e03\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f, \u5305\u62ec: (1) \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801; (2) \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883; (3) \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0; (4) \u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u62ab\u9732\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5e94\u5f53\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u4eab\u6709\u9650\u5236\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0b, \u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e0b, \u624d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684, \u5982\u679c\u5176\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u6269\u5927\u67d0\u4e00\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4, \u5982\u4ece\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\u5230\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5ba1\u6279\u548c\u6838\u51c6\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c, \u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u578b\u7684\u5ba1\u6279\u6d41\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u5efa\u7acb, \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u83b7\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u836f\u7269\u518d\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u65b0\u836f\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u5ba1\u6279\u7b80\u62a5\u5236\u5ea6 (Abbreviated New Drug Application) \u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f53\u53d1\u5e03\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u53ef\u53d1\u653e\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u544a\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u660e, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c06\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u62a4, \u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u6216\u8005\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6539\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1, \u8ddf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6240\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3.3 \u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b, \u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e, \u5229\u7528\u5176\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u673a\u6784\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c, \u88c1\u51b3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u6309\u7167\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6846\u67b6, \u6cd5\u9662\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9002\u7528\u8fc7\u5931\u89c4\u5219, \u800c\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9002\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d, \u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3001\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5728\u6709\u591a\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u8d54\u507f\u6216\u8005\u8865\u507f\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d, \u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5e94\u5f53\u6bd4\u7167\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u6807\u51c6, \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d, \u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u662f\u5426\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u8303\u56f4, \u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6, \u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ec\u5f00\u9884\u5ba1\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a, \u5224\u5b9a\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u539f\u7248, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408, \u5176\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4fee\u6b63\u662f\u5426\u8d85\u8fc7\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u754c\u70b9, \u5c06\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u4eab\u6709\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">4 \u7ed3\u8bed<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4f9d\u6258\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u8def\u5f84, \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf, \u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u4e00\u6837, \u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6279\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7, \u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u6d88\u5316\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u6210\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6760\u6746, \u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u6210\u672c\u5185\u90e8\u5316, \u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u5408\u7406\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6838\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfe\u4ee5\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb, \u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5546\u3001\u96f6\u552e\u5546\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8005, \u8ba4\u771f\u68c0\u67e5\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u6838\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027, \u540c\u65f6, \u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4, \u786e\u4fdd\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5546\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf, \u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u300a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u63d0\u6848, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u5f00\u5c55\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u91d1\u5c3c\u65af (John Mc Ginnis&#8217;s) \u63d0\u51fa, \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5e72\u6d89\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u65e8\u5728\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784, \u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9002\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027, \u90a3\u4e48\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u52bf\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6, \u66f4\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5173\u4e8e\u836f\u7269\u7684\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6, \u5373\u4e00\u9879\u836f\u7269\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0a\u5e02\u9500\u552e, \u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u53ef\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u91cd\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u98ce\u9669, \u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u9014\u5f84, \u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d2d\u4e70\u4fdd\u9669, \u8fd9\u6837\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u62df\u5236, \u8ba9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u4f53, \u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u627f\u62c5\u975e\u6545\u610f\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb, \u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u8d44\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u8005\u6cd5\u9662\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u201c\u523a\u7834\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u9762\u7eb1\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u6846\u67b6\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u7528\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44, \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u4ed8\u5176\u9020\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u3002\u6700\u7ec8, \u53ef\u80fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9633\u5149\u6cd5\u6848\u201d, \u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8005\u516c\u5f00\u5176\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570, \u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u6210\u5458\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5171\u5371\u9669, \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u5171\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u5176\u8bcd\u6761\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/font> <\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u547c\u58f0, \u5c06\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca, \u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u50cf\u57c3\u9686\u00b7\u9a6c\u65af\u514b\u4e00\u6837, \u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4eba, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u53ef\u63a7\u7684, \u5e76\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u673a, \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1, \u6216\u8005\u53ea\u8d5e\u540c\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837, \u6211\u4eec\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5668\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a, \u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u662f, \u6cd5\u5f8b\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a, \u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u76d1\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u6b64\u7c7b\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u53ca\u65e9\u8003\u91cf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u7ba1\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9a6c\u4feeU.\u8c22\u52d2 \u66f9\u5efa\u5cf0 \u674e\u91d1\u78ca \u6458 \u8981\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3, \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=9317\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,112,8,111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-128","category-112","category-8","category-111"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9317"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9561,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317\/revisions\/9561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}