{"id":9298,"date":"2017-09-18T16:34:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T08:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=7343"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:11:52","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:11:52","slug":"%e8%ae%ba%e4%bc%81%e4%b8%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%a4%e6%98%93%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=9298","title":{"rendered":"\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u738b\u52c7 \u9093\u6db5\u4e2d  \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240   \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6 2017,02,67-75 <\/p>\n

\u6458 \u8981\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba\u6587\u732e\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u6027, \u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005, \u4e5f\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005, \u540e\u8005\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027, \u800c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f9d\u6258\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027; \u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027; \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a; \u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027; \u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027; <\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5382\u5546\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d, \u4ee5Marshall (2009) [1]<\/a>\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u5355\u4f4d (unit) , \u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u523b\u753b, \u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u5c5e\u6027, \u5373\u6295\u5165\u4ea7\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u6768\u5c0f\u51ef (1994) ) [2]<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba, \u5373\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u662fCoase\u3002Coase (1937) [3]<\/a>\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e24\u70b9:\u4e00\u662f\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7 (organization) , \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d (unit) \u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f, \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u9760\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u5f00\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u79d1\u5c42\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7;\u4e8c\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027, \u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u65f6, \u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90, \u53cd\u8fc7\u6765, \u5219\u5e02\u573a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90, \u5373\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6709\u5173\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d, \u5b66\u672f\u754c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4ee5Coase\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u8d21\u732e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840, \u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u6027, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5b89\u6392\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u732e\u5305\u62ecWilliamson (1979) [4]<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e13\u7528\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u3001Alchian&Demsetz (1972) [5]<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u751f\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53caHart&Moore (1988) [6]<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u7ea6\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u4e5f\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613, \u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613, \u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8003\u5bdf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5b89\u6392\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7406\u6210\u672c\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9, \u4f46\u662f\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

Akerlof (1970) [7]<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u8bf4, \u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u641c\u5bfb\u548c\u5339\u914d\u96be\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u8fc7\u9ad8, \u964d\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387, \u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075 (market failure) \u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5730, \u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77eb\u6b63\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f, Stigler (1971) [8]<\/a>\u6307\u51fa, \u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5236\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6548\u679c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u521d\u8877\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u60c5\u51b5, \u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a, \u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6548\u7387\u3001\u514b\u670d\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c, \u77eb\u6b63\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u7528\u7684, \u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u751a\u5c11\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64, \u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba, \u6269\u5145\u4f01\u4e1a\u7406\u8bba\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565, \u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5448\u73b0\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206;\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027;\u6700\u540e, \u8ba8\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u6218\u7565\u3001\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u732e\u4e2d, \u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784 (market structure) , \u4e00\u822c\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6, \u628a\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5784\u65ad\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5be1\u5934\u5784\u65ad\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5784\u65ad\u7b49\u56db\u79cd\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u7406\u89e3\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784, \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001 (market sides) \u3002Rochet&Tirole (2006) [9]<\/a>\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c, \u5c06\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a (onesided market) \u548c\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a (multi-sided market) \u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u6307\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u9700\u6c42, \u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u548c\u76c8\u5229\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u4ee5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e3a\u4f8b, \u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e66\u7c4d, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bfb\u8005\u5404\u5f02, \u4f46\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u4e5f\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d2d\u4e66\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u800c\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u6307\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u9762\u5bf9\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u7c7b\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42, \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u591a\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1, \u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6536\u5165\u548c\u76c8\u5229\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u591a\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u4ee5\u62a5\u793e\u4e3a\u4f8b, \u62a5\u793e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u8bfb\u8005, \u8fd8\u6709\u524d\u6765\u505a\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u4e3b, \u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u7c7b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u987e\u5ba2, \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u5a92\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u8054\u3002\u62a5\u793e\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8bfb\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u8ba2\u9605\u6536\u5165, \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e7f\u544a\u4e3b\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u5e7f\u544a\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4, \u62a5\u793e\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684, \u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u53d1\u5361\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u94f6\u8054\u3001\u7ef4\u8428\u3001\u4e07\u4e8b\u8fbe\u7b49\u4e5f\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2, \u5237\u5361\u4eba\u3001\u5546\u6237\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u6709\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5e73\u53f0, \u6bd4\u5982\u5a92\u4f53\u7248\u9762\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u8f7d\u4f53\u7684\u8d2d\u7f6e\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8, \u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4ee5\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u4e3b, \u53ea\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u800c\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u88d5\u548c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4 (cyber space) \u3002\u6b63\u5982Negroponte (1996) [10]<\/a>\u5728Being Digital (\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u751f\u5b58\u300b) \u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u9884\u8a00\u7684:\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u5173, \u5b83\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u642c\u5230\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c, \u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a (online market) \u3002\u5f90\u606a\u3001\u738b\u52c7\u548c\u674e\u6c81 (2016) [11]<\/a>\u6307\u51fa, \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u96f6\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c (zero marginal cost) \u548c\u957f\u5c3e\u6548\u5e94 (the long tail) \u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u642d\u5efa\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e, \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6dd8\u5b9d\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u6ef4\u6ef4\u6253\u8f66\u5e73\u53f0\u3001Airbnb\u623f\u5c4b\u77ed\u79df\u5e73\u53f0, \u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4ee5\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u7684, \u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u53ef\u662f\u5f80\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u548c\u4eac\u4e1c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u662fB2C, \u5373\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u5411\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u54c1, \u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5356\u5bb6\u5f00\u653e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5e73\u53f0, \u628a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5356\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5ba2\u6237, \u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613, \u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u9762\u5bf9\u4e86\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u540e, \u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u5546, \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4ecb, \u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73;\u800c\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u8fd0\u8425\u5546, \u901a\u8fc7\u642d\u5efa\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762, \u6211\u4eec\u5206\u5f00\u5177\u4f53\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53, \u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u9500\u552e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6ee1\u8db3\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u5546 (manufacturer) \u548c\u9500\u552e\u5546 (merchant) \u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u65f6, \u4ece\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u624b\u4e2d\u8d2d\u8fdb\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7, \u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u751f\u4ea7\u597d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5356\u7ed9\u5546\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9500\u552e\u5546\u65f6, \u4ece\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u624b\u4e2d\u8d2d\u5165\u4ea7\u6210\u54c1, \u7136\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u624b\u5356\u7ed9\u5546\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u8d5a\u53d6\u4e70\u5356\u5dee\u4ef7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76c8\u5229\u3002\u5546\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u5546\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u539f\u5148\u53ea\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728Coase\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6210\u672c\u800c\u5185\u90e8\u5316\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613, \u5373Coase\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a, \u4f46\u662f\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

Spulber (1996) [12]<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5546\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u626e\u6f14\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u8005\u7b49\u89d2\u8272, \u964d\u4f4e\u4f9b\u9700\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c, \u521b\u9020\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u5e02\u573a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u7f14\u9020\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528, \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4ef7\u683c\u4f18\u5148\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4f18\u5148\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49, \u5373\u66f4\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u4f18\u62a5\u4ef7\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5148\u6210\u4ea4\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5546\u5728\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u89d2\u8272\u65f6, \u5e76\u4e0d\u56e4\u79ef\u5546\u54c1, \u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6c47\u96c6\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb, \u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u83b7\u53d6\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f, \u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u6b64\u65f6, \u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u6536\u53d6\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76c8\u5229\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d, \u5356\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u5411\u5404\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e70\u65b9\u7fa4\u4f53\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1, \u4e70\u65b9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u56db\u5904\u6253\u542c\u54ea\u91cc\u80fd\u591f\u4e70\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u8fbe\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u96be\u5ea6, \u8fdb\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027, \u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e, \u501f\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f18\u52bf, \u5e2e\u52a9\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u627e\u5230\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4f19\u4f34, \u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5728\u539f\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u6218\u7684\u5c40\u9762, \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u5404\u81ea\u5bfb\u627e\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u641c\u5bfb\u548c\u5339\u914d\u6210\u672c, \u5e2e\u52a9\u4e70\u5bb6\u4ee5\u6700\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e70\u5165\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1, \u5e2e\u52a9\u5356\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5356\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1, \u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u4f9b\u7ed9\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4, \u4ea7\u751f\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u9700\u6c42\u65fa\u76db\u65f6, \u4f9b\u7ed9\u53ef\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a;\u6216\u662f\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u65f6, \u800c\u9700\u6c42\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5927\u8d77\u5927\u843d, \u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e02\u573a\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u505a\u5e02\u5546\u673a\u5236 (market maker) \u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6, \u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6\u4e70\u5356\u4ef7\u5dee\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76c8\u5229\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u9500\u552e\u5546\u7684\u505a\u5e02\u5546\u673a\u5236\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u5750\u5e02\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9020\u5e02\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5750\u5e02, \u5373\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u6da8\u65f6, \u9500\u552e\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u8d27, \u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u6c34\u5e73, \u800c\u4e14\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6da8\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u9020\u5e02, \u5373\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8fc7\u5269\u65f6, \u9500\u552e\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5165\u5546\u54c1, \u8fdb\u884c\u56e4\u8d27, \u540c\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u964d\u4f4e\u5b58\u8d27\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9500\u552e\u5546\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u6325\u5750\u5e02\u548c\u9020\u5e02\u4f5c\u7528, \u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u5e73\u6291\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u505a\u5e02\u5546\u673a\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u4ef7\u5dee, \u9500\u552e\u5546\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u76c8\u5229\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4f9b\u7ed9\u65b9\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u7684\u6548\u7528\u6c34\u5e73\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73<\/p>\n

\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d, \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9500\u552e\u5546\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b58\u5728, \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u573a\u6d3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u641c\u96c6\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u4fe1\u606f, \u4e86\u89e3\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u9650, \u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u638c\u63e1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4f9b\u9700\u60c5\u51b5, \u5404\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5355\u72ec\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u65f6\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u7684\u6709\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840, \u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u4ef7\u683c\u9519\u89c9, \u9020\u6210\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u6ce2\u52a8, \u51fa\u73b0\u4ef7\u683c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5931\u771f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5931\u7075\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u6c47\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77, \u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5e02\u573a\u4f9b\u9700\u60c5\u51b5, \u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u5236\u5b9a\u8005, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027, \u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4f9b\u9700\u60c5\u51b5\u5236\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c, \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8d85\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5426\u5219, \u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u589e\u52a0, \u8fdb\u800c\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u6446\u8131\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5373\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u64ae\u5408\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613, \u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ea4\u6613, \u5f80\u5f80\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0, \u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7;\u5176\u6b21, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8005, \u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613, \u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u8272\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

Rochet&Tirole (2003) [13]<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u4e0e\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f, \u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784, \u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027 (non-neutrality of the price structure) \u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027\u662f\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\u4e2d\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u5411\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73, \u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd, \u8fd9\u65f6\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981, \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5411\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73, \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5411\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73, \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u7c7b\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6, \u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u7531\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u76c8\u5229, \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\u662f\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a\u539f\u5219, \u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u7531\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709\u4e70\u5bb6\u3001\u5356\u5bb6\u548c\u5e7f\u544a\u5546\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53, \u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u8c0b\u6c42\u76c8\u5229\u3002\u591a\u6e20\u9053\u76c8\u5229\u6a21\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u805a\u96c6, \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u4ef7\u683c\u8865\u8d34\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00, \u4e00\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u65b9, \u901a\u8fc7\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9 (\u88ab\u8865\u8d34\u65b9) \u7684\u52a0\u5165, \u4e14\u8865\u8d34\u65b9\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5bf9\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4, \u5236\u5b9a\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898:\u4e00\u662f\u8c01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u8d34\u65b9;\u4e8c\u662f\u8865\u8d34\u65b9\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u8d34, \u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898, \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9009\u53d6\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u8f83\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3001\u6536\u76ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u8d34\u65b9\u3002Armstrong (2006) [14]<\/a>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u503e\u659c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7684\u7b56\u7565, \u5bf9\u9700\u6c42\u4ef7\u683c\u5f39\u6027\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u6b64\u5916, Schiff (2003) [15]<\/a>\u6307\u51fa, \u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u76f8\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\u65f6, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6536\u76ca\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e00\u65b9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8f83\u4f4e\u4ef7\u683c, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u79ef\u7d2f\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898, \u5219\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u4ef7\u683c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u5b9a\u63a5\u5165\u8d39 (access fee) \u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39 (usage fee) \u3002\u63a5\u5165\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u5e73\u53f0\u6240\u88ab\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d39\u7528, \u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u89c4\u6a21\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927;\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u8fb9\u7528\u6237\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6240\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u8d39\u7528, \u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u6839\u636e\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c, \u4e8c\u8005\u53ef\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u94f6\u8054\u5bf9\u4e70\u5bb6\u6536\u53d6\u5e74\u5361\u8d39, \u5bf9\u5356\u5bb6\u6536\u53d6\u5e74\u5361\u8d39\u548c\u624b\u7eed\u8d39;\u5355\u8eab\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5bf9\u7537\u58eb\u6536\u53d6\u5165\u573a\u8d39\u800c\u5374\u5bf9\u5973\u58eb\u514d\u8d39\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u683c\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ef7\u683c\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c, \u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784, \u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a, \u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u54c1\u6d41\u4e09\u6d41\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9006\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898, \u5373\u5047\u5192\u4f2a\u52a3\u7b49\u5546\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898;\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u6d41\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u98ce\u9669\u95ee\u9898, \u5373\u8d27\u5230\u6b3e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u673a\u5236\u662f\u7ebf\u4e0a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4e0e\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92, \u5373\u4e70\u5bb6\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5356\u5bb6\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u8d27\u3002\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a (\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ebf\u4e0a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a) , \u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u4e0e\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u7684, \u4e70\u5bb6\u4ed8\u6b3e\u540e\u5e73\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\u5356\u5bb6, \u5356\u5bb6\u4ece\u5e73\u53f0\u83b7\u53d6\u4e70\u5bb6\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u8d27\u3002\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8, \u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u9006\u5411\u9009\u62e9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027, \u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u53cc\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u73af\u5883, \u589e\u5f3a\u5e02\u573a\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u6dd8\u5b9d\u7f51\u4e3a\u4f8b, \u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4e70\u5bb6\u4ed8\u6b3e\u5230\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d, \u5546\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u5e73\u53f0\u5f97\u77e5\u4e70\u5bb6\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u8d27, \u5f85\u4e70\u5bb6\u6536\u5230\u8d27\u7269\u4e14\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8bef\u540e, \u652f\u4ed8\u5b9d\u518d\u5c06\u94b1\u6c47\u5165\u5546\u5bb6\u8d26\u6237\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u6a21\u5f0f, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u9000\u6362\u8d27\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c, \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u62b5\u8d56\u884c\u4e3a, \u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u58f0\u8a89\u673a\u5236\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u5438\u5f15\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613, \u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u76d1\u7ba1\u89c4\u5219, \u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u8981\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u5047\u8d27\u3001\u4e70\u5356\u975e\u6cd5\u8fdd\u7981\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u964d\u4f4e\u76d1\u7763\u6210\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6, \u501f\u52a9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u80fd\u529b, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u865a\u5047\u597d\u8bc4\u3001\u6076\u610f\u5237\u5355\u7b49\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1, \u51c0\u5316\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ece\u58f0\u8a89\u673a\u5236\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b, \u6b63\u5982Kreps (1990) [16]<\/a>\u6240\u8a00, \u7ebf\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u4e70\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u91cd\u590d\u535a\u5f08\u4ea7\u751f, \u5356\u5bb6\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u574f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e70\u5bb6\u53e3\u53e3\u76f8\u4f20\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7ebf\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u591f\u5b8c\u5584, \u4e70\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4, \u5356\u5bb6\u66f4\u65e0\u4ece\u83b7\u77e5\u4e70\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u7ebf\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u58f0\u8a89\u673a\u5236\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u641c\u96c6\u6765\u81ea\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u8fbe\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9a\u6027\u53cd\u9988, \u53c2\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u8bc4\u5224\u673a\u5236, \u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u6c34\u5e73\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002Bar-Isaac&Tadelis (2008) [17]<\/a>\u5c31\u66fe\u6307\u51fa, \u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u8003\u8bc4\u673a\u5236, \u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a, \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u98ce\u9669, \u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u666e\u53ca\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6df7\u6dc6, \u4f1a\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b, \u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027 (network externalities) \u548c\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305 (triadic closure) \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027<\/p>\n

Katz&Shapiro (1985) [18]<\/a>\u6307\u51fa, \u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2, \u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u4e5f\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u8d1f\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840, \u53ea\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u624d\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u7c7b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53, \u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53, \u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u7ebf\u4e0a\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u8d2d\u7269\u5e73\u53f0\u4e3a\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a, \u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4f1a\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e, \u8fd9\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b63\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027;\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a0\u5927\u4e70\u5bb6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6210\u672c, \u8fd9\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d1f\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u65f6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u76c8\u5229\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7136\u800c, \u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u683c\u65f6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784, \u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u662f\u5426\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b, \u6240\u8c13\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u7cfb, \u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784, \u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u7cfb, \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u673a\u5236\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6743\u529b (market power) \u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a: <\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927, \u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d, \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4e\u4e70\u9ad8\u5356, \u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4fdd\u969c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u8f7d\u539f\u56fe<\/a> <\/p>\n

\"\u56fe1 <\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784 <\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c, \u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5904\u5728\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u4f46\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5e73\u53f0, \u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u5165\u4e70\u5356\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d, \u8fdb\u800c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u6c1b\u56f4, \u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613, \u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u4ea4\u4ef7\u683c\u7531\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u81ea\u884c\u534f\u5546\u786e\u5b9a, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u548c\u552e\u540e\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u8f7d\u539f\u56fe<\/a> <\/p>\n

\"\u56fe2 <\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0, \u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u64ae\u5408\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u76f8\u53cd, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a, \u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u662f\u5426\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u5143\u95ed\u5305\u662f\u533a\u5206\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6, \u4e24\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u65f6\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u6218\u7565\u5411\u5e73\u53f0\u6218\u7565\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u4ea7\u751f\u7684, \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u201c\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565\u4e4b\u7236\u201dPorter (2008) [19]<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ee5\u57f9\u80b2\u4f01\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7ade\u4e89\u6218\u7565:\u603b\u6210\u672c\u9886\u5148\u6218\u7565 (overall cost leadership) \u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u6218\u7565 (differentiation) \u548c\u4e13\u4e00\u5316 (focus) \u6218\u7565\u3002\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0, \u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840, \u6210\u672c\u7aef\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u5c06\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u9ad8\u4f4e;\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u517c\u987e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u6269\u5927\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u975e\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\u3002\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u51fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u8425\u6548\u7387\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u8fdb\u5165\u58c1\u5792\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u7740\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\u53d1\u5c55, \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7cbe\u8015\u7ec6\u4f5c\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5e02\u573a\u5730\u4f4d;Eisenmann, Parker&Van Alstyne (2006) [20]<\/a>\u6307\u51fa, \u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u8d62\u5bb6\u901a\u5403\u3001\u5408\u56f4\u548c\u8de8\u754c\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\u95ee\u9898, \u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5e94\u5f53\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u5e73\u53f0\u6218\u7565\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba, \u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9: <\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148, \u6269\u5927\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u4e2d\u6027\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027, \u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u6c42, \u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u5438\u5f15\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a0\u5165\u5e73\u53f0, \u7e41\u8363\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613, \u53ea\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ef4\u6301\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840, \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4f01\u4e1a\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u6da6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21, \u5408\u7406\u6269\u5c55\u5e02\u573a\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8303\u56f4\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d77\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a8\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1, \u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6316\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e, \u9762\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89, \u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5229\u57fa\u7b56\u7565 (niche strategy) \u3002\u968f\u7740\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u8fb9\u754c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u4e34\u5408\u56f4\u548c\u8de8\u754c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d, \u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u57fa\u5e02\u573a, \u5728\u8de8\u754c\u878d\u5408\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4f53\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148, \u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5de5\u5546\u5c40\u7b49\u8d28\u68c0\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u800c\u5982\u4eca, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a, \u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u5e26\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u5c5e\u6027, \u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u52a9\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u62c5\u4fdd\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u53cc\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u552e\u540e\u670d\u52a1, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1, \u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u5728\u5f31\u5316, \u201c\u963f\u91cc\u5927\u6218\u5de5\u5546\u603b\u5c40\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e89\u8bba\u70b9\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u76d1\u7ba1\u754c\u9650\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3002\u738b\u52c7\u3001\u51af\u9a85\u548c\u5218\u822a (2016) [21]<\/a>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e, \u6574\u4f53\u6765\u770b, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u5e94\u5f53\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u5e73\u53f0\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4e3b, \u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e3a\u8f85\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u76d1\u7ba1\u683c\u5c40\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21, \u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u76d1\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u662f\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0, \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8bb2\u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u6807\u51c6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u672a\u5fc5\u9002\u7528, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e73\u53f0, \u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6216\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1, \u7531\u6b64\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u754c\u5b9a\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u5165\u969c\u788d\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6ef4\u6ef4\u548cUber\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u9093\u5cf0 (2014) [22]<\/a>\u5c31\u66fe\u6307\u51fa, \u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09, \u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee5\u7528\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u6743\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6743\u529b\u5462?\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a, \u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6743\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u63a5\u5165\u6743 (access right) \u7684\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u63a5\u5165\u6743\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u7531Rajan\u548cZingales (1998) [23]<\/a>\u63d0\u51fa, \u63a5\u5165\u6743\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2, \u5982\u679c\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u7684\u662f\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907, \u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u5165\u6743\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u7684\u673a\u4f1a;\u5982\u679c\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u7684\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5, \u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u5165\u6743\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u63a5\u5165\u6743\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u6216\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u6982\u5ff5, \u63a5\u5165\u6743\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6240\u6709, \u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a, \u7531\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8fd0\u8425\u5e73\u53f0, \u8fd9\u65f6\u8be5\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a5\u5165\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982, \u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u6dd8\u5b9d\u7f51\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528QQ\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41, \u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u4fe1\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u4ed8\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca?\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u6ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b, \u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u8bc4\u5224\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e, \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u9075\u5faa\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u4f01\u4e1a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7, \u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u6613\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u53d8, \u610f\u5473\u7740\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027, \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6, \u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u73b0, \u6307\u51fa\u5728\u5355\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e0b, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c5e\u6027, \u800c\u5728\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d, \u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c5e\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65, \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5e02\u573a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a, \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u51fa, \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u5e73\u53f0\u6218\u7565, \u672c\u6587\u6307\u51fa\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u5916, \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u6269\u5c55\u5e02\u573a\u8fb9\u6570, \u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528\u5229\u57fa\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u8ba8\u8bba, \u672c\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u591a\u8fb9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u6325\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d23\u4efb, \u5f62\u6210\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u53cc\u91cd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7ade\u4e89, \u672c\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u754c\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027, \u7279\u522b\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u5e73\u53f0\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u5165\u6743\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

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[22]\u9093\u5cf0.\u6dd8\u5b9d\u5047\u8d27\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u56f0\u60d1[J].\u8d22\u7ecf, 2015, (5) :105-107.<\/a> <\/p>\n

[23]RAJAN R G, ZINGALES L.Power in a Theory of the Firm[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113 (2) :387-432.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u738b\u52c7 \u9093\u6db5\u4e2d  \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240   \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6 … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[137,112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-137","category-112"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9298"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9646,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298\/revisions\/9646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}