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\u6700\u540e, \u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u65e7\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd, \u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8d39\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4e0a\u6765\u8003\u91cf, \u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1, \u622a\u81f32012\u5e74\u5e95, \u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u76841628\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u603b\u85cf\u4e66\u91cf\u4e3a13637.3\u4e07\u518c, \u5360\u5168\u56fd\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u603b\u85cf\u4e66\u91cf17.3%;\u53bf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u8425\u5355\u4f4d51 561\u5bb6, \u4ec5\u536021.4%[7]\u3002\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u53e6\u636e\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u8d22\u52a1\u53f8\u7edf\u8ba1, 2015\u5e74\u5168\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8d39\u4e2d, \u53bf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4f4d352.84\u4ebf\u5143, \u536051.7%, \u6bd4\u91cd\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e861.6\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9;\u53bf\u53ca\u53bf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4f4d330.13\u4ebf\u5143, \u536048.3%, \u6bd4\u91cd\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\u4e861.6\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9[6]\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u6765\u770b, \u53bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8d39\u53ea\u536048.3%, \u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u4e61\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002
2 \u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898
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2.1 \u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u8bef\u533a
\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u56fd\u8981\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3, \u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u7740\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe, \u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u8f7b\u89c6\u4e86, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1, \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u591f, \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u4e3a\u8feb\u5207, \u800c\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u4e00\u7f13\u6162\u6162\u6765, \u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5148\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u6253\u7262\u4e86, \u90a3\u4e48\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u7b51\u624d\u80fd\u7a33\u56fa\u5730\u4e0a\u5347, \u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe, \u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u89c1\u6548\u6162, \u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u6297\u8861, \u4e5f\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3002\u518d\u6b21, \u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u7279\u8d28, \u5730\u65b9\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u5efa\u8bbe\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8d1f\u62c5, \u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1, \u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u6709\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u63d0\u4f9b\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6, \u8fd8\u505c\u7559\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u201c\u9001\u6587\u5316\u201d\u4e0b\u4e61\u6a21\u5f0f, \u201c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u98ce\u98ce\u706b\u706b\u3001\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8, \u4f46\u662f\u6587\u5316\u4e0b\u4e61\u961f\u4f0d\u4e00\u8d70, \u57fa\u5c42\u4e61\u9547\u548c\u6751\u843d\u5c31\u518d\u5ea6\u56de\u590d\u5230\u6587\u5316\u8d2b\u7620\u7684\u72b6\u6001, \u9001\u6587\u5316\u4e0b\u4e61\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u65f6\u4e4b\u6e34\u201d[8]\u3002
2.2 \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6548\u76ca\u4e0d\u9ad8
\u201c\u4ece\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4fa7\u6765\u770b, \u6587\u5316\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u529b, \u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u6563\u3001\u4f9b\u9700\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u8861\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61, \u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3001\u65e0\u6548\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5, \u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0e\u90e8\u5206\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9b\u7ed9\u548c\u65e0\u6548\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u201d[9]\u968f\u7740\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55, \u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u63d0\u4e0a\u65e5\u7a0b, \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5f97\u4e30\u5bcc, \u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e61\u6751\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u7ad9\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u7a7a\u58f3\u201d\u72b6\u6001, \u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e, \u6ca1\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8c03\u7814\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a, \u7ecf\u5e38\u53bb\u672c\u6751\u519c\u5bb6\u4e66\u9662\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9662\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u5de5\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u70b9\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u5206\u522b\u4e3a2.7%\u30012.8%\u30011.1%, \u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u6781\u5c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u672c\u6751\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8[10]\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u4e61\u6751\u6587\u5316\u7ad9\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u529e\u516c\u573a\u6240\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u5730, \u7f3a\u5c11\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5730\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240, \u6587\u5316\u7ad9\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u540d\u724c\u800c\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u4e61\u6751, \u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u5230\u7269\u5c3d\u5176\u7528, \u5f88\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6446\u8bbe\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba9\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5403\u7d27\u7684\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098, \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6548\u76ca\u3002
2.3 \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u624d
\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55, \u65b0\u519c\u6751\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e5f\u9ad8\u901f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c55\u5f00, \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u53d1\u5c55, \u5176\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5730\u589e\u957f, \u4f46\u4f9d\u65e7\u5f88\u96be\u6ee1\u8db3\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5c31\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u770b, \u519c\u6751\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u591a\u6570, \u800c\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u8d28\u4e0e\u5b66\u5386\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u5e73, \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a, \u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u7701\u6cb3\u5317\u7684\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768478%, \u6587\u76f2\u7387\u8fbe2.61%, \u6709187\u4e07\u591a[11]\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b\u5f53\u524d\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u5316\u518d\u751f\u4ea7, \u8fd9\u5c31\u8ba9\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e8b\u6587\u5316\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u4eba\u624d\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u7a00\u7f3a\u3002\u518d\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u4e0d\u5408\u7406, \u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u4f4e\u5b66\u5386\u8005\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53, \u672c\u79d1\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b66\u5386\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u624d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u592a\u5c0f, \u7efc\u5408\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u624d\u6781\u7f3a\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u7f3a\u5931, \u662f\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4f\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e;\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u95e8\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u8d22\u529b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u62db\u4e0d\u5230\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4eba\u624d, \u519c\u6751\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u5236\u53c8\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584, \u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5f88\u96be\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u5347, \u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u624d\u66f4\u4e0d\u613f\u53bb\u519c\u6751\u3002
2.4 \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u591f\u5b8c\u5584
\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u653f\u652f\u914d\u7740, \u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u673a\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u5904, \u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762:\u9996\u5148\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u5931\u4f4d\u3002\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u653f\u5e9c\u8be5\u7ba1\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u7ba1\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ba1\u597d, \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9881\u5e03\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u65f6, \u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f81\u6c42\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5c31\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4, \u6216\u8005\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u4f9b\u7ed9\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5730\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u57ce\u4e61\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u60e0\u6c11\u5de5\u7a0b, \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u7ba1\u6b64\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9, \u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u5230\u4e86\u4e61\u9547\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u65f6, \u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0, \u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f9b\u7ed9\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5927\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u518d\u6b21, \u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5f3a;\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u61c2\u5982\u4f55\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6c11, \u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5f31\u5316\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u529e\u4e0d\u5206\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b, \u653f\u5e9c\u65e2\u662f\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005, \u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u8005, \u8fd9\u65e2\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5, \u4e5f\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u8f7b\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u3002
3 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5
\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u53d1\u5c55, \u63a8\u8fdb\u57ce\u4e61\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u662f\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u987a\u5e94\u65f6\u52bf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6218\u7565\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u201c\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u76ca\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fdd\u969c, \u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49, \u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201d[12]\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u519c\u6751\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8981\u6c42, \u4e5f\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u4e09\u519c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f, \u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63a8\u8fdb\u57ce\u4e61\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b, \u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u3002
3.1 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5
\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3, \u4e5f\u662f\u533a\u57df\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u5e26\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb, \u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u968f\u7740\u5730\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u589e\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9012\u51cf, \u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11, \u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u7b79\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347, \u800c\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e0a\u5347, \u6709\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62, \u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5927\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6295\u5165\u529b\u5ea6, \u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u519c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9, \u6784\u5efa\u57ce\u4e61\u7edf\u7b79\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f53\u5236, \u529b\u4e89\u65e9\u65e5\u5b9e\u73b0\u57ce\u4e61\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1, \u201c\u2018\u5341\u4e94\u2019\u4ee5\u6765, \u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u5148\u540e\u6295\u516540\u591a\u4ebf\u5143\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e861 086\u4e2a\u53bf\u7ea7\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u6587\u5316\u9986, 2.42\u4e07\u4e2a\u4e61\u9547\u7efc\u5408\u6587\u5316\u7ad9;\u516c\u5171\u7535\u5b50\u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u5efa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5212\u5df2\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4e61\u9547\u5efa\u621031 377\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u516c\u5171\u7535\u5b50\u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u201d[13]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u6587\u5316\u7ad9\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd, \u8ba9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u76ca\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u969c, \u4ea6\u4f7f\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3, \u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u57ce\u4e61\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd, \u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53d1\u6325\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
3.2 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5
\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55, \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5927, \u57ce\u5e02\u4ee5\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b, \u4f7f\u571f\u5730\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02, \u5bfc\u81f4\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u5448\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u53d1\u5c55, \u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u8212\u5c14\u8328 (T heodore Schultz) \u6307\u51fa, \u201c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u519c\u4e1a\u4ea7\u91cf\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u571f\u5730\u3001\u52b3\u529b\u6216\u8d44\u672c\u5b58\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0, \u800c\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u519c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d, \u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u5f88\u9ad8\u201d[14]\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u5e95\u8574\u4e30\u539a, \u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c, \u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u519c\u6751\u7279\u8272\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u6587\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u673a\u4f1a, \u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u5730\u533a\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42, \u4ece\u672c\u5730\u51fa\u53d1, \u8ba9\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u5230\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u53bb, \u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9a\u671f\u5730\u4e3e\u529e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8, \u589e\u52a0\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u50a8\u5907\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u63d0\u5347\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u5e76\u5207\u5b9e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73, \u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u4e0a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u663e\u7136, \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002
3.3 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u8981
\u968f\u7740\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6df1\u5165, \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u662f\u519c\u6751\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65, \u4f46\u662f\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5374\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf, \u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u6536\u652f\u5206\u914d\u3001\u798f\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd, \u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u5c45\u6c11\u7d20\u8d28\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b, \u57ce\u5e02\u65e5\u76ca\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u519c\u6751\u9010\u6e10\u8d2b\u4e4f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42, \u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u57ce\u5e02\u75c5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u519c\u6751\u75c5\u201d, \u90fd\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5177\u6709\u8d34\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u3001\u8d34\u8fd1\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u8d34\u8fd1\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u7279\u70b9, \u800c\u53ea\u6709\u7f13\u89e3\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u77db\u76fe, \u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5177\u5907\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u53d1\u6325, \u624d\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u6709\u6548\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4, \u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u5efa\u7acb\u5e76\u5b8c\u5584\u60e0\u53ca\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb, \u4f7f\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u8303, \u65e2\u80fd\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u578b\u591a\u6837\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9, \u53c8\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55, \u65e2\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229, \u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42, \u53c8\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316, \u4fc3\u8fdb\u57ce\u4e61\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
4 \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u8def\u5f84
\u201c\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u6210\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u56db\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u201d\u6218\u7565\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5185\u5bb9, \u5efa\u8bbe\u5e76\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u201c\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u6210\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6c11\u751f\u5de5\u7a0b, \u4e5f\u662f\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u201c\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584, \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u969c\u5404\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1, \u5fc5\u987b\u6574\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf, \u7a81\u7834\u884c\u4e1a\u58c1\u5792\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5c40\u9650, \u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[15]\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7740\u529b\u3002
4.1 \u6539\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd
\u6587\u5316\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55, \u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8f7d\u4f53\u505a\u652f\u6491\u3002\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8981\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8f7d\u4f53\u5c31\u662f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd, \u5b83\u662f\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u5bf9\u532e\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u72b6, \u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6, \u4ece\u8d22\u529b\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u7269\u529b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u652f\u6301\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u5fc5\u987b\u89c4\u5212\u597d\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd;\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0e\u7279\u8272, \u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u5730\u505a\u597d\u672c\u5730\u533a\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5212, \u65e2\u8981\u5728\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u505a\u597d\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212, \u53c8\u8981\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272, \u5168\u9762\u7acb\u4f53\u5730\u505a\u597d\u672c\u5730\u7279\u8272\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u52a0\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6295\u5165;\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4ece\u8d22\u653f\u5c42\u9762\u52a0\u5927\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6295\u5165, \u66f4\u8981\u53d1\u52a8\u4f18\u79c0\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u91cf, \u591a\u5934\u5e76\u8fdb\u591a\u6e20\u9053\u7b79\u63aa\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u91d1, \u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u800c\u53c8\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7b79\u63aa\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8ba9\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5207\u5b9e\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6210\u679c\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u8981\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u6279\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd, \u5982\u5efa\u7acb\u7535\u5b50\u56fe\u4e66\u5ba4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u653e\u6620\u5ba4\u7b49, \u8ba9\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u80fd\u8ddf\u5f97\u4e0a\u65f6\u4ee3, \u80fd\u5c55\u793a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5185\u5bb9, \u8ba9\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u754c, \u6269\u5bbd\u89c6\u91ce\u3002
4.2 \u4f7f\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316
\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41, \u5b83\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5236, \u4e3a\u57ce\u4e61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u901a\u6709\u65e0\u3001\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5171\u4eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229, \u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u4e61\u7edf\u7b79\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u673a\u9047\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5bf9\u95ed\u585e\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d, \u9020\u6210\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u504f\u5dee, \u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u57ce\u4e61\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u53ef\u89c1, \u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u4e3a\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316, \u9996\u5148, \u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u53ea\u6709\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\u597d\u4e86, \u624d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8bc6, \u51dd\u805a\u5e76\u53d1\u6325\u5404\u65b9\u6709\u6548\u529b\u91cf\u63a8\u8fdb\u76f8\u5173\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u673a\u623f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u5e26\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55, \u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee, \u519c\u6751\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u5e94\u5217\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d, \u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u9700\u5747\u8861\u5404\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u518d\u6b21, \u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u624d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u6709\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528, \u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e0e\u57f9\u517b\u673a\u5236, \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u94fa\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u8981\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5316, \u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u63a8\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u3002
4.3 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb
\u5341\u516b\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u547d\u9898, \u4ea6\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u7279\u6027, \u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u201d[16]\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u8c13\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u91cd, \u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb, \u9996\u5148, \u8981\u4ece\u6cd5\u5236\u5c42\u9762\u8c03\u6574\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u7279\u5f81, \u8c03\u6574\u76f8\u5173\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u3001\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4, \u4ece\u6cd5\u5236\u5c42\u9762\u4e3a\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u843d\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001, \u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6, \u5b9e\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7ba1\u7406, \u51cf\u8f7b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u6027\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201c\u8981\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u597d\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1, \u5c24\u5176\u8981\u6811\u7acb\u4ee5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bfc\u5411, \u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\u201d[16], \u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b8c\u5584\u5176\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002
4.4 \u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4f53\u7cfb
\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5f53\u524d\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5f0a\u7aef, \u4f4e\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5360\u636e\u5927\u591a\u6570, \u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u5de5\u7a0b\u5df2\u5efa\u62103.55\u4e07\u4e2a\u5206\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u652f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u4e61\u9547 (\u8857\u9053) \u57fa\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u70b9, \u4ee5\u53ca70\u4e07\u4e2a\u6751 (\u793e\u533a) \u57fa\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\u70b9[15], \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u5de5\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c, \u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u961f\u4f0d\u7ed3\u6784, \u63d0\u9ad8\u961f\u4f0d\u7d20\u8d28\u3002\u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4f53\u7cfb, \u9996\u5148\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u519c\u6751\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7d20\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u4f53\u7cfb\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\u662f\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c, \u65e2\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u62db\u8058\u5236\u5ea6, \u53c8\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8003\u6838\u5236\u5ea6, \u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u7559\u4f4f\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u8981\u6ce8\u91cd\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u6027, \u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u662f\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458, \u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eab\u7528\u8005, \u56e0\u6b64\u9f13\u52b1\u519c\u6c11\u81ea\u529e\u6587\u5316, \u63d0\u5347\u519c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u8d28, \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8c03\u52a8\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u6316\u6398\u519c\u6751\u4f18\u79c0\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316, \u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73, \u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002
5 \u7ed3\u8bed
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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
[1]2017\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u5168\u6587[EB\/OL] (2017\u201303\u201304) [2017\u201303\u201316].http:\/\/www.dxs518.cn\/zhengce\/lianghui\/543653.html<\/a>.
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[16]\u7941\u8ff0\u88d5, \u66f9\u4f1f.\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u597d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5173\u7cfb[J].\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5, 2015 (2) :119\u2013123<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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