{"id":9079,"date":"2020-12-24T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T07:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=9079"},"modified":"2022-07-12T14:28:50","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T06:28:50","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bb%a5%e4%bd%95%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%8d%e6%80%9d%e7%a7%91%e6%8a%80%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f%e5%bf%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=9079","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u53cd\u601d\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66;<\/a> \u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7;<\/a> \u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c;<\/a> \u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba;<\/a> \u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba;<\/a> <\/p>\n

How Can Anthropology Study Science:Reviewing Ethnography of Technoscience <\/p>\n

ZHANG Jieying LI Xueshi<\/p>\n

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)<\/p>\n

Abstract\uff1aStarting with a question on how and why anthropology can study science,this paper tries to review the ethnography of technoscience from the perspective of research methods.Constructionism is the basic methodology for anthropology to study technoscience.Latour’s Actor-Network Theory seeks to go beyond constructionism and provides the approach of political ecology to study the interconnecting network of society,nature and technoscience.Anthropology considers science as a series of cultural and social practices,which can be studied and written with the application of ethnography.Ethnography has incomparable advantages in Science and Technology Study as it is good at translating cultures and describing social facts in a holistic way.Although the fieldwork of ethnography of technoscience is much the same as that of general ethnography,it does have some uniqueness.To understand related scientific knowledge is the core of ethnography of technoscience,whose key is the access to “interactive expertise”.The way we deal with scientific knowledge in the fieldwork is closely related to the research approach and analytical framework. <\/p>\n

Keyword\uff1aanthropology;<\/a> ethnography of technoscience;<\/a> fieldwork;<\/a> ANT(Actor-Network Theory);<\/a> methodology;<\/a> <\/p>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u8bf8\u591a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d1\u6280\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684STS\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u6df1\u611f\u88ab\u65e0\u77e5\u8005\u5192\u72af\u751a\u81f3\u6fc0\u6012\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5c55\u5f00\u81ea\u536b\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u201c\u7d22\u5361\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff08Sokal Affair\uff09\u3002(1)1<\/a>\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u968f\u4e4b\u5c55\u5f00\u2014\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8bba\u6218\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b83\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u2026\u2026\u5bf9\u7acb\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5373\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u201d\uff08\u9648\u745e\u9e9f\uff0c2015<\/a>:141-155\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u534f\u5546\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u65f6\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e43\u81f3\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u8c2c\u8bef\u548c\u6063\u610f\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u4e3a\u64cd\u5f04\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4e86\u89e3\u4e5f\u5728\u8bba\u6218\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u9635\u8425\u5747\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u51fa\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u81ea\u7701\u4e0e\u6298\u4e2d\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e92\u76f8\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5149\u8c31\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9738\u6743\u53ca\u5176\u6298\u5c04\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6301\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u6784\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u754c\u9650\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u7684\uff08COLLINS,EVANS,2002:235-296\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u88ab\u5192\u72af\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u90fd\u6298\u5c04\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6000\u7591\u3002\u6d45\u663e\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u786e\u5b9e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8f7b\u6613\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u662f\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u5ba3\u544a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bed\u5e26\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u6a21\u4eff\u5bf9\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u5fc3\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bf7\u4f60\u4ece15\u697c\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u8df3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff08\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\uff0c2015:23\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf4\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u79d1\u6280\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff08Sismondo,2010:10\uff09\u3002\u5ba3\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u4e0b\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff09\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002STS\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u540c\u6837\u89c6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u65e0\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u5b58\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800cSTS\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e43\u81f3\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7eb3\u5165\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff08\u6587\u5316\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff09\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\u53bb\u8003\u91cf\u201d\uff08LAW,2004:12\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u88ab\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08the Edinburgh School\uff09\u548c\u5df4\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08the Bath School\uff09\u4e24\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4ee5\u4e92\u52a8\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8f83\u4e4b\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ad9\u5728\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e00\u9762(COLLINS,1982:85-114\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u6d1e\u7a74\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u9662\u5236\u201d\u2014\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u771f\u7406\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6742\u829c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u201c\u4e24\u9662\u5236\u201d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6846\u67b6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u6216\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u5bb0\u5236\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\/\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u6d1e\u7a74\uff09\u795e\u8bdd\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u4e0b\u5230\u6d1e\u7a74\uff0c\u5272\u65ad\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5f97\u91ce\u86ee\u611a\u6627\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u9ebb\u75f9\u762b\u8f6f\uff0c\u7eb5\u60c5\u865a\u6784\u201d\uff08\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\uff0c2015:30-31\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u79d1\u5b66-\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u3002\u8981\u6bd4\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\/\u81ea\u7136-\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e26\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u201c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u3001\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5143\u6027\u3001\u672c\u5730\u6027\u3001\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u548c\u81ea\u7136\/\u975e\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7ea0\u845b\uff0c\u5f02\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\uff08\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\uff0c2015:43\uff09\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u2014\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ca\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u5982\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u751f\u7269\uff09\u2014\u2014\u2014\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8054\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7ed3\u3001\u8f6c\u8bd1\u548c\u534f\u5546\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08LA-TOUR,2005:247-262\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u5230\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\uff0cSTS\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u552f\u540d\/\u552f\u5b9e\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u54f2\u5b66\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u65e0\u610f\u6d89\u5165\u66f4\u6df1\uff0c\u7559\u5f85\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bd5\u56fe\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\uff0c\u5373\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u201c\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7684\u5305\u542b\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7167\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u7ec6\u8282\u53ca\u5171\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\uff08\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e\uff0c2008<\/a>:6\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08FRANKLIN,1995:163\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u6280\u827a\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u5236\u76d0\u3001\u5236\u8336\u3001\u9020\u7eb8\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5\u5236\u8336\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6280\u672f\u8ba9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u8336\u88ab\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7269\uff08\u6768\u66fe\u8f89\uff0c2016<\/a>:43\uff09\uff1b\u5236\u8336\u6280\u672f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e2\u53d7\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u53c8\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5d14\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u7fd4\uff0c\u6768\u6d77\u946b\uff0c2015:74\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6001\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u707e\u5bb3\u5e94\u53d8\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u667a\u6167\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u548c\u897f\u5357\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5bf9\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6709\u7740\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08\u7f57\u5eb7\u9686\uff0c\u5218\u6d77\u8273\uff0c2013:37\uff09\uff0c\u9ebb\u5c71\u82d7\u65cf\u5219\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7ef4\u62a4\u5580\u65af\u7279\u751f\u6001\u3001\u9632\u6cbb\u77f3\u6f20\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08\u6768\u5ead\u7855\uff0c2007<\/a>:24\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7af9\u5236\u54c1\u5de5\u827a\u627f\u8f7d\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e61\u6751\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\uff08\u9c81\u53ef\u8363\uff0c\u80e1\u51e4\u5a07\uff0c2018:53\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u8fdb\u8def\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u90fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n

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2\u5f53\u4e2d\u805a\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002(1)2<\/a>\u201c\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u2018\u79d1\u5b66\u2019\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u2018\u79d1\u5b66\u2019\u6781\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u8bba\u6218\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u53d7\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u80fd\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u5229\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u50cf\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u90a3\u6837\u201c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fde\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u50cf\u6709\u7740\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u673a\u4f53\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u5185\u5728\u529b\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5bcc\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u2014\u2014\u2014\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u201d\uff08\u798f\u67ef\uff0c2007:38\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u547d\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fc7\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u201d\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u8131\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u5bb0\u5236\u6027\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff08LA-TOUR,1993:13-48\uff09\u3002\u9762\u4e34\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u3001\u6b27\u7f8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5374\u6b65\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u4ece\u70ed\u5e26\u56de\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff0c\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08LATOUR,1993:100-120\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e73\u89c6\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u65e0\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6070\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d4b\u4e88\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7530\u91ce\uff08LATOUR,WOOLGAR,1979\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5f53\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u771f\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u201d\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u88ab\u67d0\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff08LATOUR,1988\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7530\u91ce\uff1a\u83b7\u5f97\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6027\u4e13\u957f<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u6765\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5c31\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u56de\u5230\u7b14\u8005\u540c\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bd8\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u61c2\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u7530\u91ce\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u793c\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u3002\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u61c2\u5230\u61c2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u8c08\u5173\u952e\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u589e\u8fdb\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u6280\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6d78\u6deb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u5957\u672f\u8bed\u884c\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3a\u7530\u91ce\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9884\u8bbe\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08TRAWEEK,1988:126-156\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5916\u79d1\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u201c\u5faa\u8bc1\u533b\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6216\u65e0\u6548\u7684(SONG,2017:158-196\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u56e0\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u6280\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u9700\u8981\u61c2\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u7530\u91ce\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5c0f\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u65e5\u5e38\u836f\u7269\u7684\u7814\u53d1\uff08CLARKE,MONTINI,1993<\/a>:42-78\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u6838\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u95ee\u9898\uff08MACFARLANE,2003:783-807\uff09\uff1b\u4ece\u4e61\u571f\u4e2d\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u63a8\u5e7f\uff08\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e\uff0c2004<\/a>:88-94\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7cbe\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u5982DNA\u7247\u6bb5\uff08RABINOW,1996:1-17\uff09\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7530\u91ce\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u77e5\u8bc6\u9700\u8981\u201c\u61c2\u201d\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u624d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff1f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5e76\u65e0\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5176\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e3a\u5468\u671f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u671f\u9650\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u4f9d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u7167\u793e\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8981\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u548c\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u8fbe\u5230\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u7406\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u69db\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u8fbe\u5230\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u5deb\u672f\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u5deb\u5e08\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u6d45\u767d\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u61c2\u5230\u4f55\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u7b49\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u201d\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u957f\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u8d21\u732e\u6027\u4e13\u957f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e92\u52a8\u6027\u4e13\u957f\u201d\uff08COLLINS,EVANS,2007:77-90\uff09\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u201c\u8d21\u732e\u6027\u4e13\u957f\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b66\u79d1\u505a\u51fa\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u4e92\u52a8\u6027\u4e13\u957f\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u751f\u4ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u884c\u5f0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u8c08\u8bba\u3002 <\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6a2a\u4e98\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u4f9d\u7136\u6df1\u91cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8d70\u51fa\u6d1e\u7a74\u201d\u9053\u963b\u4e14\u957f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u9e3f\u6c9f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6784\u6210\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u800c\u201c\u4e0d\u6562\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5927\u4f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f02\u4e61\u7684\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6216\u6280\u672f\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u2014\u7814\u7a76\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bf9\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51dd\u89c6\u4e0e\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u6388\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c45\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6070\u6070\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u6b64\u5951\u673a\u518d\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u8fdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u575a\u5b9e\u6027\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u79d1\u6280\u76f8\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u533a\u522b\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u89c6\u4e3a\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5256\u6790\u3002\u800c\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u5f00\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9ed1\u7bb1\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u540c\u65f6\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u68f1\u955c\u4e0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u8bbe\u65bd\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5206\u6790\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u5458\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u6838\u7269\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u754c\u9650\u3001\u6838\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8f6c\u8bd1\u4e0e\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e02\u6c11\u5bf9\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u9632\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd8\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53bb\u68c0\u89c6\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u8d8a\u8fc1\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u6e90\u6d41\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8bd5\u56fe\u9996\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u5256\u6790\u5176\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u5448\u73b0\u5e76\u8be0\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u5fd7\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u201d\u9762\u524d\u5ba3\u79f0\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\uff0c\u6b62\u6b65\u4e0d\u524d\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u6280\u672f\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u8086\u8650\uff0c\u65e2\u6d89\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53c8\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u4ec5\u51ed\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u7ed9\u5168\u7403\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u548c\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5373\u523b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u4e39\u5999\u836f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u98ce\u9669\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e\uff0c2020:55-56\uff09\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9738\u6743\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e13\u65ad\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u5ba1\u614e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5e38\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u642d\u5efa\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u9c9c\u4f46\u662f\u8db3\u5177\u575a\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u9f13\u52b1\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8bdd\u547c\u5524\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u547c\u5524\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u672c\u610f\u2014\u2014\u2014\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

\u9648\u745e\u9e9f,2015\uff0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73—\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e89[J]\uff0e\u6b27\u7f8e\u7814\u7a76,(1)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u5d14\u6d77\u6d0b,\u9ad8\u7fd4,\u6768\u6d77\u946b,2015\uff0e\u8336\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u300a\u8336\u53f2\u300b\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e0e\u201c\u4e1c\u82d7\u8336\u201d\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c6\u89d2[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(5)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u9c81\u53ef\u8363,\u80e1\u51e4\u5a07,2018\uff0e\u4ee5\u7af9\u4e3a\u751f\uff1a\u4e61\u6751\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u4f20\u627f[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(5)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u7f57\u5eb7\u9686,\u5218\u6d77\u8273,2013\uff0e\u4ece\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u770b\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c[J]\uff0e\u897f\u5357\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(3)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e,2004\uff0e\u4e61\u6751\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1—\u79d1\u6280\u4e0b\u4e61\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e4b\u4e00[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(3)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e,2008\uff0e\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e92\u4e3a\u89c2\u7167\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89e3\u8bfb[J]\uff0e\u9752\u6d77\u6c11\u65cf\u7814\u7a76,(1)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u79e6\u7ea2\u589e,2020\uff0e\u5408\u4f5c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76—\u4ece2019\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u63a7\u8c08\u8d77[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(1)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u6768\u5ead\u7855,2007\uff0e\u82d7\u65cf\u751f\u6001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u77f3\u6f20\u5316\u707e\u53d8\u6551\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(3)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]\u6768\u66fe\u8f89,2016\uff0e\u201c\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\uff1a\u660e\u6e05\u541b\u5c71\u94f6\u9488\u8336\u7684\u6587\u5316\u900f\u89c6[J]\uff0e\u5e7f\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248),(5)\uff0e\u5f20\u52bc\u9896,\u674e\u96ea\u77f3,2019\uff0e\u73af\u5883\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5448\u73b0\uff1a\u5bf9\u5783\u573e\u711a\u70e7\u6280\u672f\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u8bba\u57df\u5206\u6790[J]\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76,(4)\uff0e[\u6cd5]\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef,2001\uff0e\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d,\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb[M]\uff0e\u8bb8\u5b9d\u5f3a,\u8881\u4f1f,\u7f16,\u8096\u6d9b,\u8bd1\uff0e\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[][\u6cd5]\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef,2003\uff0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8003\u53e4\u5b66[M]\uff0e\u8c22\u5f3a,\u9a6c\u6708,\u8bd1\uff0e\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[][\u6cd5]\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14,2016\uff0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e26\u5165\u6c11\u4e3b[M]\uff0e\u9ea6\u6c38\u96c4,\u8bd1\uff0e\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]CLARKE ADELE,THERESA MONTINI,1993.The many faces of RU486:tales of situated knowledges and technological contestations[J].Science,technology&human values,(1)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]HARRY COLLINS,1982.An empirical relativist programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge.in k knorr,mj mulkay eds.,science observed[C].Beverley Hills&London:Sage\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]HARRY COLLINS,ROBERT EVANS,2002.The third wave of science studies:studies of expertise and experience[J].Social studies of science,(2)\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

[]HARRY COLLINS,ROBERT EVANS,2007.Rethinking expertise[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press\uff0e<\/a> <\/p>\n

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\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n

1\u4e3a\u4e86\u63ed\u9732\u4eba\u6587\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u80a4\u6d45\u4e0e\u8352\u8bde,\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7d22\u5361(Alan Sokal)\u6a21\u4eff\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u884c\u6587\u98ce\u683c,\u5199\u51fa\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u8be0\u91ca\u300b(Transgressing the boundaries:toward a transformative hermeneutics of quantum gravity),\u5411\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u520a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u672c\u300b(Social text)\u6295\u7a3f\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6545\u610f\u5199\u5f97\u6f0f\u6d1e\u767e\u51fa\u3001\u80e1\u7f16\u4e71\u9020\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c45\u7136\u8fc7\u5ba1,\u88ab\u6742\u5fd7\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u3002\u968f\u540e,\u7d22\u5361\u5f97\u610f\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\u63ed\u5f00\u4e86\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u8863\u3002 <\/p>\n

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3(1)\u5e38\u6c11,\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u901a\u884cSTS\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201clay person\u201d\u7684\u901a\u884c\u8bd1\u6cd5,\u5373\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7b49\u4e13\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17,\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u67d0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

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