{"id":8590,"date":"2018-12-25T14:20:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-25T06:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=8590"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:21:46","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:21:46","slug":"%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e4%bb%8b%e5%85%a5%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e8%b6%8b%e5%8a%bf%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=8590","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"

2018\u5e7409\u670818\u65e5 23:06 \u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51-\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u53f6\u6daf\u5251<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001929\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u8427\u6761\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00,\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6c57\u725b\u5145\u680b,\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u8d77\u56e0\u3001\u7834\u574f\u6027\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u540e\u679c\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406,\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5173\u7cfb,\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4,\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5927\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76,\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f1929\u20141933\u5e74\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c31\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u80e1\u4f5b\u3002\u80e1\u4f5b1929\u5e743\u6708\u5c31\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u201d\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u671f,\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u6d3e\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u8363\u4e4b\u50cf,\u56fd\u5e93\u5145\u76c8,\u524d\u666f\u5149\u660e\u3002\u8c01\u77e5\u534a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8,\u7e41\u8363\u671f\u544a\u7ec8,\u5927\u8427\u6761\u62c9\u5f00\u5e8f\u5e55,\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u80e1\u4f5b\u4efb\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80e1\u4f5b\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd,\u4f46\u6301\u7eed\u4f4e\u8ff7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728\u8fde\u4efb\u7ade\u9009\u4e2d\u843d\u8d25\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f,\u8fd9\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u770b\u91cd\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u5546\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\u671f\u95f4(1921\u20141929),\u4ed6\u5c31\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u201c1921\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3b\u5e2d,\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u8fc1\u201d(Resent Economic Changes in the United States) \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898,\u5e76\u4e8e1929\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e24\u5377\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e,\u9762\u5bf9\u5927\u8427\u6761\u7684\u5371\u5c40,\u80e1\u4f5b\u671f\u671b\u66f4\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee,\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u8c03\u67e5,\u6b64\u5373\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u7531\u6765\u3002\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e8e1929\u5e7412\u6708\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u201c\u80e1\u4f5b\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d(President Herbert Hoover\u2019s Research Committee on Social Trend)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e,\u524d\u8005\u7531\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210,\u53ea\u6709\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u8005,\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6210\u5458\u662f\u6e05\u4e00\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u536b\u65af\u7406\u00b7\u7c73\u5207\u5c14(Wesley Mitchell),\u6210\u5458\u5305\u62ec\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u6885\u91cc\u4e9a\u59c6(Charles Merriam)\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u00b7\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f(Alice Hamilton)\u3001\u5317\u5361\u7f57\u83b1\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u5965\u5fb7\u59c6(Howard W. Odum)\u3001\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5965\u683c\u672c(William Ogburn)\u7b49\u77e5\u540d\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7814\u65b9\u9762,\u5965\u683c\u672c\u62c5\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u4efb,\u5965\u5fb7\u59c6\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u4efb\u52a9\u7406,\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\u961f\u5305\u62ec100\u591a\u4f4d\u804c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u6307\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u5386\u4efb\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7b49\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee,\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u56e2\u961f,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u524d\u65e0\u53e4\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u524d,\u5e94\u8be5\u7b97\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8656\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d44\u91d1(\u5f53\u65f6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e),\u591a\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u4f5c,\u5149\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u81f4\u8c22\u540d\u5355\u5c31\u5370\u4e8613\u9875\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u7eed\u4e863\u5e74,1933\u5e741\u6708\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe1568\u9875\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u62a5\u544a,\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d(Resent Social Trend)\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u753138\u4f4d\u6743\u5a01\u5b66\u8005\u64b0\u5199\u768429\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7ae0\u8282\u7ec4\u6210,1933\u5e74\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4ee5\u4e24\u5377\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248,\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u5206\u4e3a13\u672c\u4e13\u8457\u5355\u72ec\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u519c\u6751\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5987\u5973\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762,\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9d\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u68c0\u9605,\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5404\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e0b,\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u666f\u5f0f\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d,\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8c03\u67e5\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u8bb0\u8005\u6216\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5355\u9879\u4e3b\u9898\u7814\u7a76,\u5982\u8d3e\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u91cc\u65af(Jacob Riis)1890\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u6797\u80af\u00b7\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u65af(Lincoln Steffens)1904\u5e74\u5bf9\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u8150\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8c03\u67e5;\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u8c03\u67e5,\u59821909\u5e74\u7684\u5339\u5179\u5821\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u8d56\u7279(Carol Wright)\u57281885\u5e74\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u52b3\u5de5\u4e13\u5458\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316,\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301,\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u57df,\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f,\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5404\u5f02,\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u51c6\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u6b20\u7f3a\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ecb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u56e2\u4f53\u64cd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000(\u4f5c\u8005\u5355\u4f4d:\u534e\u5357\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7cfb)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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