{"id":8488,"date":"2019-03-18T11:45:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-18T03:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=8488"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:11:49","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:11:49","slug":"%e4%bb%a5%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%bb%ba%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=8488","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5“\u793e\u4f1a”\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u5efa\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"

2019\u5e7403\u670805\u65e5 07:32 \u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f51-\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u90ed\u8363\u8302<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7406\u89e3,\u6700\u65e9\u4ee5\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868,\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u5173,\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u201d,\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u5165\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3,\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba,\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4f2f\u683c\u548c\u5362\u514b\u66fc,\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281967\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u70b9:\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f52\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u5883,\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8be5\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u2026\u2026\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u5206\u6790\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u6b64,\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u6d3e\u76f8\u7ee7\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\u63d0\u51fa\u5f3a\u7eb2\u9886\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3,\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5,\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55,\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u5173\u6ce8\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898,\u7531\u6b64\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66(Sociology of Scientific Knowledge,SSK)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b,\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u6563\u5230\u4f17\u591a\u9886\u57df,\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5411\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a,\u4ee5\u5e03\u9c81\u5c14\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5f3a\u7eb2\u9886\u201d,\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6,\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u7528,\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684,\u662f\u5904\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u5546\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u6307\u51fa,\u201c\u5f3a\u7eb2\u9886\u201d\u9690\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u62b1\u8d1f:\u6392\u65a5\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u6027\u89e3\u91ca,\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a,\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49(Social Constructivism)\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49,\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f,\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269,\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u534f\u5546\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790,\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u5171\u5efa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u7eb2\u9886\u201d\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408,\u6ce8\u91cd\u8003\u5bdf\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898,\u201c\u5f3a\u7eb2\u9886\u201d\u4ee5\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u80cc\u666f,\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8bf4\u660e,\u7531\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5df4\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7eb2\u9886\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5df4\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e,\u9488\u5bf9\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5b66\u6d3e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8def\u7684\u7f3a\u9677,\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7eb2\u9886\u201d,\u5373\u5bf9\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u6848\u4f8b,\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u95f4\u5076\u7136\u201c\u8c08\u5224\u201d\u6216\u201c\u534f\u5546\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c,\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u5173\u8054\u3002\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a,\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4f5c\u7528,\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684,\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6765\u5904\u7406,\u800c\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6539\u53d8\u79e9\u5e8f\u300b\u4e2d,\u4ed6\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e89\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9TEA\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u3001\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u7075\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e,\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8d85\u5e38\u89c4\u72b6\u6001\u3002TEA\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c,\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u88ab\u68c0\u9a8c,\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53ca\u6280\u672f,\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u6280\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b,\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u501f\u6b64\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f,\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n

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