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\u3000\u3000\u4f2f\u5409\u65af\uff08Burgess\uff09\u5c06\u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u3002\u2486\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4fb5\u5165\u4e0e\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e0e\u758f\u6563\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5178\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u52fe\u52d2\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\u7684\u56fe\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u662f\u5185\u5c42\u5730\u5e26\u5411\u5916\u5c42\u5165\u4fb5\u4e0e\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u592e\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u4f1a\u6269\u6563\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5185\u57ce\u533a\uff1b\u5185\u57ce\u533a\u53c8\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u3002\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u5f20\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u5411\u5fc3\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u79bb\u5fc3\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u57ce\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u4f1a\u5411\u7e41\u534e\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u8fdb\u51fa\u6d41\u52a8\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u57ce\u5e02\u5916\u56f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u7684\u4eba\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f2f\u5409\u65af\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89e3\u7ec4\u4e0e\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u96c6\u805a\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e2\u5757\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6587\u5316\u56e2\u5757\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f2f\u5409\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u9694\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u9694\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u573a\u6240\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u2487<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6001\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u628a\u63e1\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5373\u5e15\u514b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u5e76\u9a7e\u9f50\u9a71\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u7574\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6210\u4e3a\u5360\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8574\u542b\u7740\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u542b\u6df7\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e15\u514b\u5c06\u793e\u533a\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u63e1\u5b83\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5176\u5730\u57df\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u52fe\u52d2\u5176\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u201d(21)\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u628a\u793e\u533a\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u5f0f\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5e15\u514b\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8574\u542b\u7740\u5171\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8054\u7ed3\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5305\u542b\u751f\u7269\u6027\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5171\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8054\u7ed3\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u3002(22)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u8981\u8d85\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u6027\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u6392\u9664\u5728\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c42\u9762\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u79cd\u79cd\u4fb5\u5165\u2014\u66ff\u4ee3\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u2014\u5206\u5de5\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u5c55\u5f00\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5730\u57df\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5c55\u5f00\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u970d\u5229\uff08Hawley\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u5efa\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4fbf\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5916\u4e86\u3002(23)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff08Giddens\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u3002(24)\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u628a\u63e1\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u5efa\u6784\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u3002\u5728\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8ba9\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u6210\u5b9e\u5728\u4e4b\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u8c08\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u90bb\u8fd1\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u672a\u586b\u5145\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u751f\u673a\u4e86\u3002\u201d(25)\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u6070\u6070\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u8d4b\u4e88\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u60c5\u666f\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6240\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u8c08\u53ca\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\u662f\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002(26)(2)\u8fb9\u754c\u6027\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8bf8\u591a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fb9\u754c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\u90fd\u6781\u7aef\u91cd\u8981\u3002(27)\uff083\uff09\u56fa\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002(28)\uff084\uff09\u8ddd\u79bb\u6027\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e34\u8fd1\u6216\u8fdc\u79bb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u8d28\u5c06\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u79bb\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u52a8\u3002(29)\uff085\uff09\u79fb\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c \u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5883\u9047\u5316\u3002(30)\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6c83\u65af\uff08Wirth\uff09\u5c06\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7ed3\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8bc6\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u662f\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u8868\u9762\u548c\u77ed\u6682\u7684\uff1b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\uff1b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u53c2\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u3002(31)\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6c83\u65af\u6210\u529f\u52fe\u52d2\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6c83\u65af\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u62c9\u6208\u91cc\uff08M.LaGory\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u548c\u533a\u9694\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u6210\u5458\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u2014\u9ad8\u533a\u9694\u3001\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u2014\u4f4e\u533a\u9694\u3001\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u2014\u9ad8\u533a\u9694\u3001\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u2014\u4f4e\u533a\u9694\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u5185\u805a\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u975e\u5e38\u987a\u7545\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u4f46\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u52bf\u5fc5\u5f62\u6210\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u5411\u5916\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5185\u805a\u6027\u3002(32)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u827e\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Abbott\uff09\u5728\u68c0\u8ba8\u6c83\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5206\u4e3a\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\uff08natural area\uff09\u3001\u533a\u57df\u751f\u6daf\uff08area\ue011careers\uff09\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u9886\u57df\uff08interactional\ue011field\uff09\u3002\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\u201d\u662f\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5730\u7406\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u7740\u81ea\u8eab\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u201c\u533a\u57df\u751f\u6daf\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u201c\u4e92\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u201d\u5219\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u591a\u91cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u5883\u3002(33)\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u827e\u4f2f\u7279\u5c06\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u62d3\u5c55\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u573a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u5409\u767b\u65af\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u533a\u57df\u5316\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6446\u8131\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u6f5c\u8d28\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u5411\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u903b\u8f91\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u573a\u666f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u4eea\u5f0f\u573a\u666f\uff09\u4e2d\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u666f\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u907f\u514d\u7a7a\u95f4\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u5883\u4f5c\u51fa\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5409\u767b\u65af\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u65e8\u8da3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u6027\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52fe\u8fde\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u8981\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5409\u767b\u65af\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u3001\u6c83\u65af\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u602a\u4e4e\u5384\u91cc\uff08Urry\uff09\u6279\u8bc4\u5409\u767b\u65af\u76f8\u8f83\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u592a\u8fc7\u7b80\u7565\u4e86\u3002(42)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u79cd\u79cd\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5706\u6ee1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8ba9\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\u663e\u5f97\u5e95\u6c14\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6700\u52a8\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u7740\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u751f\u6001\u793e\u533a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u9996\u5148\u5728\u96f7\u514b\u65af\uff08Rex\uff09\u548c\u6469\u5c14(Moore)\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u548c\u6469\u5c14\u4ece\u4f4f\u623f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u533a\u9694\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u5957\u5173\u4e8e\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u201c\u5730\u4f4d\u2014\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7531\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002(43)\u4f46\u662f\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u5206\u914d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4f18\u6e25\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u90ca\u533a\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u7a0d\u5dee\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u624e\u6839\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u90ca\u533a\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u623f\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u62c9\u7f8e\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\uff09\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u516c\u5171\u4f4f\u623f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5230\u8870\u8d25\u7684\u5185\u57ce\u533a\u8d2d\u623f\u6216\u79df\u623f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u57ce\u7684\u8d2d\u623f\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u507f\u8fd8\u8d2d\u623f\u7684\u9ad8\u989d\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u623f\u5b50\u5206\u5272\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u9694\u65ad\u5bf9\u5916\u51fa\u79df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7fa4\u79df\u623f\u201d\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u57ce\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8fc1\u51fa\uff0c\u5185\u57ce\u6210\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u8005\u805a\u5c45\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u72b6\u51b5\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u9636\u7ea7\uff08housing class\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8d2b\u56f0\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u6269\u6563\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u9636\u7ea7\u5411\u597d\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u613f\u671b\u65e5\u76ca\u7834\u706d\uff0c\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u5316\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u3001\u6469\u5c14\u8fd8\u662f\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5e15\u5c14\uff08Pahl\uff09\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f4f\u623f\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb6\u5ead\u8865\u52a9\u548c\u517b\u8001\u8ba1\u5212\u91d1\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u3002(45)\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5e15\u5c14\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e15\u5c14\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\u914d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u53ca\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u672c\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u603b\u6709\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u7684\u6216\u8fdc\u6216\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5730\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8981\u6bd4\u9700\u8981\u957f\u9014\u901a\u52e4\u7684\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u57df\u5185\u62e5\u6709\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8981\u6bd4\u4f4f\u5728\u7164\u6c14\u5382\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u65c1\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ddd\u79bb\u56e0\u7d20\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9075\u5faa\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5b98\u50da\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5171\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5e15\u5c14\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u770b\u505a\u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u903b\u8f91\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5219\u88ab\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5206\u914d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002(46)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u6d1b\u6839\uff08Logan\uff09\u548c\u83ab\u6d1b\u5947(Molotch)\u867d\u7136\u628a\u7a7a\u95f4\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6709\u5efa\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u7acb\u8db3\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f62\u5851\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5468\u906d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u7279\u6743\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002(47)\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d2b\u56f0\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u529b\u8584\u5f31\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u5f7c\u6b64\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5916\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6297\u98ce\u9669\u80fd\u529b\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u65f6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u5907\u6bd4\u8f83\u5145\u5206\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u52a0\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65e0\u865e\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u884c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5916\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6295\u8d44\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u5f03\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u589e\u957f\u7cbe\u82f1\uff08growth elite\uff09\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8c0b\u53d6\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u7ef4\u7cfb\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e27\u5931\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u9677\u8d8a\u6df1\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u81ea\u62d4\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u5851\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u201c\u589e\u957f\u673a\u5668\u201d\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff0848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5c06\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65e8\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\/\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u5360\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e3b\u6d41\u9635\u5730\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\/\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f4f\u623f\uff09\u7684\u5360\u6709\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u9636\u5c42\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u63a2\u8ba8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u7a33\u59a5\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u201d\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u540c\u6837\u8574\u542b\u7740\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u60c5\u5883\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u547c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e3a\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6697\u793a\u7740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ee5\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u732e\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u548c\u6469\u5c14\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7980\u8d4b\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u77e5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u2014\u5730\u4f4d\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u90ca\u533a\u4f4f\u623f\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u80a1\u7968\u3001\u503a\u5238\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4ef6\u6295\u8d44\u54c1\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u4ef7\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4f\u623f\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u62e5\u6709\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6d1b\u6839\u548c\u83ab\u6d1b\u5947\u5219\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u8574\u542b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5c45\u4f4f\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f5c\u7528\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5e15\u5c14\u5bf9\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5c06\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u653e\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u7d20\u201c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u201d\u5730\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff0849\uff09\u603b\u4e4b\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u6d88\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6316\u6398\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u610f\u6db5\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff1a\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3002\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u3001\u523b\u677f\u3001\u975e\u8fa9\u8bc1\u548c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c(50)\u800c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff09\u4ea7\u54c1\u201d\u3002(51)\u6cbf\u7740\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u5f00\u62d3\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u65b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u7a7a\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5730\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u201d\u4e0e\u65b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5212\u4e0a\u7b49\u53f7\u4e86\u3002(52)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff09\u4ea7\u54c1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u610f\u5473\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a(53)\uff081\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u7a7a\u95f4\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u4e0e\u9610\u91ca\u3002\uff084\uff09\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ece\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u3002(54)\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u5c06\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\uff08spatial practice\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7ef4\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u573a\u6240\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6761\u4ef6\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u201d\uff08Representations of space\uff09\u4e0e\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u8bba\u62bd\u8c61\u6765\u6784\u60f3\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u548c\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u201c\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08Representational spaces\uff09\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u6216\u8c61\u5f81\u7269\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002(55)\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u8bf4\u660e\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\u660e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u52fe\u8fde\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u8df5\uff09\u3002\u201d(56)<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\uff0c(74)\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u62bd\u79bb\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u9884\u671f\u6027\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u3001\u6307\u5411\u6027\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u6210\u201d\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u5c31\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u53cd\u601d\u5730\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u548c\u54c8\u7ef4\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8c08\u8bba\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u9677\u5165\u67d0\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u63ed\u793a\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8c08\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5f31\u5316\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u7518\u65af\u5c06\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e86\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u65b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u800c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8868\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u628a\u63e1\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7518\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7559\u4e0b\u4f59\u5730\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7518\u65af\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6781\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u52bf\u5fc5\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6709\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u4e92\u52a8\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\/\u8857\u533a\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4f9d\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6d89\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u89c4\u5212\u201d\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u5219\u53ef\u7531\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6536\u76ca\u201d\u8f6c\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u7f3a\u573a\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5730\u4f4d\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u5f62\u8c61\u8425\u9020\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6240\u8c08\u7684\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u571f\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u667a\u8bc6\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2474\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u8363\u8fdc\u8bd1\uff0c\u6842\u6797\uff1a\u5e7f\u897f\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c290\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2475\u5384\u91cc\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5e03\u83b1\u6069\u00b7\u7279\u7eb3\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c505\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2476\u90d1\u9707\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2477\u53f6\u5251\u5d16\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8d35\u5dde\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2478\u8bb8\u4f1f\u3001\u7f57\u73ae\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u8d85\u8d8a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u63a2\u7d22\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2479M. Castells, The Urban Question: A Maxist Approach, trans. Alan Sheridan, London: Edward Arnold, Ltd., 1977, p.115.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247aA. Sayer, \u201cDefining the Urban,\u201d GeoJournal, vol.9, no.3, 1984, pp.279\ue011285.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247b\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u82cf\u8d3e\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7533\u6279\u5224\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u6587\u658c\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c105\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247cP. Saunders, Social Theory and the Urban Question, London: Taylor & Francis, 2005, pp.194\ue011195.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247dD. Harvey, \u201cThe Geopolitics of Capitalism,\u201d in Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds., Social Relations and Spatial Structures: Critical Human Geography, London: Palgrave, 1985, pp.126\ue011163.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247e\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u82cf\u8d3e\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7533\u6279\u5224\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c107\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u247fR. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, London: Collier\ue011Macmillan, 1952, p.181.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2480R. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, p.252.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2481\u8499\u8482\u3001\u535a\u96f7\u5c14\u3001\u9ea6\u683c\u96f7\u6208\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u5e02\u90ca\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u6768\u6625\u4e3d\u8bd1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u51e4\u51f0\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c133\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2482R. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, pp.150-151.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2483R. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, pp.151-152.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2484\u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e15\u514b\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5b8b\u4fca\u5cad\u3001\u90d1\u4e5f\u592b\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2012\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2485\u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e15\u514b\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2486\u4f2f\u5409\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u5e15\u514b\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2487\u4f2f\u5409\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u5e15\u514b\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(21)R. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, p.182.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(22)R. E. Park, Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology, p.251.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(23)A. H. Hawley, \u201cEcology and Human Ecology,\u201d Social Forces, vol.22, no. 4, 1944, pp.398-405.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(24)\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c223\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(25)\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c293\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(26)F. J. Lechner, \u201cSimmel on Social Space,\u201d Theory, Culture & Society, vol.8, no.3, 1991, pp.195-201.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(27)\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c300\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(28)\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c301\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(29)\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c305\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(30)\u9f50\u57c3\u5229\u6d85\u8328\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5211\u51ac\u6885\u8bd1\uff0c\u82cf\u5dde\uff1a\u82cf\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2018\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c49\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(31)L. Wirth, \u201cUrbanism as a Way of Life,\u201d American Journal of Sociology, vol.44, no.1, 1938, pp.1-24.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(32)M. LaGory, \u201cToward a Sociology of Space: The Constrained Choice Model\uff0c\u201d Symbolic Interaction, vol.5, no.1, 1982, pp.65-78.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(33)A. Abbott, \u201cOf Time and Space: The Contemporary Relevance of the Chicago School,\u201d Social Forces,vol.75, no.4, 1997, pp.1149-1182.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(34)\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u5eb7\u3001\u674e\u731b\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c111\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(35)\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u300b\uff0c\u90ed\u5fe0\u534e\u3001\u5f90\u6cd5\u5bc5\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c220\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(36)\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c112\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(37)\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c114\u2014116\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(38)\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c116\u2014124\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(39)\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c291\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(40)C. S. Fischer, \u201cToward a Subcultural Theory of Urbanism,\u201d American Journal of Sociology, vol.80, no.6, 1975, pp.1319-1341.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(41)H. J. Gans, \u201cUrbanism and Suburbanism as Ways of Life,\u201d in R. Pahl, ed., Readings in Urban Sociology, London: Pergamon Press, 1968, pp.95-118.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(42)J. Urry, \u201cSocial Relations, Space and Time,\u201d in Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds., Social Relations and Spatial Structures: Critical Human Geography, pp.20-48.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(43)J. Rex and R. Moore, Race, Community and Conflict, Oxford\uff1a Oxford University Press, 1967, p.9.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(44)P. Saunders, \u201cBeyond Housing Classes: The Sociological Significance of Private Property Rights in Means of Consumption,\u201d International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.8, 1984, pp.202-227.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(45)R.Pahl, Whose City? Baltimore: Penguin,1975, p.10.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(46)R.Pahl, Whose City? p.201.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(47)\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u6839\u3001\u54c8\u7ef4\u00b7\u83ab\u6d1b\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u90fd\u5e02\u8d22\u5bcc\u2014\u2014\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u9648\u90a3\u6ce2\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(48)\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u6839\u3001\u54c8\u7ef4\u00b7\u83ab\u6d1b\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u90fd\u5e02\u8d22\u5bcc\u2014\u2014\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(49)R. Pahl, \u201cCollective Consumption and the State in Capitalist and State Socialist Societies,\u201d in R. Scase, ed., Industrial Society: Class, Cleavage and Control, London: Tavistock, 1977\uff0cpp.153-171.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(50)\u6587\u519b\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c364\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(51)H. Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson\ue011Smith, Malden: Blackwell Ltd., 1991, p.21.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(52)\u5434\u5b81\uff1a\u300a\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(53)H.Lefebvre, The Production of Space, pp.26-46.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(54)\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u7269\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u300b\uff0c\u5305\u4e9a\u660e\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c47\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(55)H. Lefebvre, The Production of Space, pp.8-9.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(56)H. Lefebvre, The Production of Space, p.116.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(57)H. Lefebvre, The Survival of Capitalism: Reproduction of the Relations of Production, London: Allison & Busby, 1976, p.71.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(58)H. Lefebvre, Writings on Cities, Oxford: Blackwell, 1996, p.68.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(59)\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u82cf\u8d3e\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7533\u6279\u5224\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c76\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(60)\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u6625\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c55\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(61)\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u7269\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c47\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(62)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u4efb\u6656\u8bd1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u51e4\u51f0\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c101\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(63)\u54c8\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\uff1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8463\u6167\u8bd1\uff0c\u82cf\u5dde\uff1a\u82cf\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c58\u201459\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(64)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c205\u2014206\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(65)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c215\u2014227\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(66)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c232\u2014235\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(67)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c236\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(68)\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u82cf\u8d3e\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7533\u6279\u5224\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c76\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(69)\u53c2\u89c1\u5b59\u5c0f\u9038\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6743\u5229:\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(70)\u5218\u6000\u7389\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3009\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u52a8\u6001\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(71)\u9f50\u57c3\u5229\u6d85\u8328\uff1a\u300a\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c73\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(72)A. Scott, The Urban Land Nexus and the State, London: Pion, 1980\uff0c p.137.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(73)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c102\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(74)\u6208\u7279\u8fea\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c300\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(75)\u4ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6f0f\u6389\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6781\u5177\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u3001\u798f\u67ef\u548c\u5361\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u5448\u73b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u5404\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5230\u7a7a\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6784\u578b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff08\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u798f\u67ef\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u91cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u89c4\u8bad\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u9f50\u57c3\u5229\u6d85\u5179\uff08Zielenice\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u798f\u67ef\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6743\u529b\u800c\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5361\u65af\u7279\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u770b\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u51e0\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5361\u65af\u7279\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u800c\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3002\uff08Gottdiener,1984; Saunders,1986\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(76)M. Castells, The Urban Question: A Maxist Approach, p.442.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(77)\u8425\u7acb\u6210\uff1a\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u9762\u5411\u4e0e\u9650\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(78)\u5218\u5c11\u6770\u3001\u738b\u6625\u666f\uff1a\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u5356\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u6269\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(79)\u53c2\u89c1\u8425\u7acb\u6210\uff1a\u300a\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u505c\u8f66\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6743\u5229\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\uff0c2017\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(80)\u97e9\u5fd7\u660e\uff1a\u300a\u5408\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5316\u6784\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u3008\u884c\u653f\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u89c6\u91ce\u3009\u4e00\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u6d77\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(81) H. J.Gans, \u201cThe Sociology of Space: A Use\ue011Centered View\uff0c\u201d City & Community, vol.1,no.4, 2010, pp. 329-339.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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