{"id":7217,"date":"2017-02-17T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2017-02-17T08:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=7217"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:19:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:19:07","slug":"%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e5%9b%9e%e9%81%bf%e6%98%93%e4%bd%bf%e4%ba%ba%e9%99%b7%e5%85%a5%e5%81%8f%e8%a7%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=7217","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d\u6613\u4f7f\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u504f\u89c1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u738b\u60a0\u7136 \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5 2017\u5e7402\u670806\u65e503\u7248 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001\u670820\u65e5,\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u804c,\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c45\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u515a\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4e24\u5927\u515a\u6d3e\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u800c\u8a00,\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead,\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u62c5\u5fe7\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u201d\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u6f14,\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u589e\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u9635\u8425\u4f3c\u4e4e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u91cc,\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6216\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02,\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5dee\u8ddd\u201d(reality gap)\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7c7b\u4f3c\u73b0\u8c61\u5e38\u88ab\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u5ba2\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5236\u9020\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0d\u5b9e\u6d88\u606f,\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u52b3\u4f26\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u82ac(Lauren Griffin)\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u5c3c\u66fc(Annie Neimand)\u5219\u63d0\u9192,\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916,\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u4eec\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d,\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d\u503e\u5411<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e,\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d(information avoidance)\u503e\u5411,\u5373\u5f53\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\u6216\u6311\u6218\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u65f6,\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u56de\u907f\u5b83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u5927\u91cf\u652f\u51fa\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d26\u5355,\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u5065\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27(Louise Keogh)\u7b49\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76,\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u60a3\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bf7\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8840\u6837,\u7136\u540e\u4fe1\u4ef6\u544a\u77e5\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6b64\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u53ca\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u7684\u98ce\u9669,\u5e76\u4f1a\u5b89\u6392\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u8bca\u6240\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u57fa\u56e0\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684,\u4f46\u72b9\u8c6b\u6216\u56de\u907f\u5f97\u77e5\u5176\u5065\u5eb7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u8a79\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u8c6a\u5c14(Jennifer Howell)\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u2014\u767d\u4eba\u5185\u9690\u8054\u60f3\u6d4b\u9a8c(Black-White Implicit Association Test)\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e,\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56de\u907f\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u8bc4\u4ef7(self-view)\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u2014\u767d\u4eba\u5185\u9690\u8054\u60f3\u6d4b\u9a8c\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u79cd\u65cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u9690\u504f\u89c1(implicit prejudice),\u5373\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u6d4b\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65f6,\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u800c\u4e14,\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u77e5\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8d8a\u540e\u6094\u5f97\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8c6a\u5c14\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0,\u7f3a\u5c11\u4eba\u9645\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6,\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u503e\u5411\u660e\u663e\u52a0\u91cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u7f3a\u4e4f\u201c\u4eba\u9645\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u66f4\u4e0d\u60f3\u83b7\u77e5\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c,\u4eb2\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u758f\u79bb\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u5bb3\u6015\u77e5\u9053\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u538c\u6076\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6,\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u89c6\u73b0\u5b9e\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5426\u8ba4\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab,\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u5927\u5b66\u5e02\u573a\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\u00b7\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14(Troy Campbell)\u3001\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u6388\u963f\u4f26\u00b7C.\u51ef(Aaron C. Kay)\u5c06\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u538c\u6076\u201d(solution aversion),\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u5236\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u51ef\u5f81\u96c6\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005,\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u6bb5\u7531\u4e13\u5bb6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5b57,\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a,\u6216\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u8c03\u63a7,\u7136\u540e\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba4\u540c\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u6e29\u6b63\u5728\u5347\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a,\u5f53\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u65f6,\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u6e29\u6b63\u5728\u5347\u9ad8,\u800c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u5bf9\u8be5\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0d\u53d7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4,\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8ba9\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u5bf9\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5176\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u6096,\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c11\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u683c\u91cc\u82ac\u548c\u5c3c\u66fc\u5bf9\u8bb0\u8005\u8868\u793a,\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u6df1\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0,\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u56de\u907f\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f,\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u3001\u65e0\u89c6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u626d\u66f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d,\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u53bb\u81ea\u6211\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53cd\u7701,\u800c\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1\u5730\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u89c1,\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u819c\u3001\u654c\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f,\u65e0\u76ca\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5171\u540c\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5854\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u5206\u6821\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc(David Sherman)\u8c08\u5230,\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u4ecd\u56fa\u5b88\u6210\u89c4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u503e\u5411,\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c,\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u59a8\u788d\u826f\u6027\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u52a0\u6df1\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u8fa9\u8bba\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u56e2\u961f\u80dc\u8d25\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a,\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u611f\u589e\u5f3a\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u80af\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u65f6,\u4f1a\u4ee5\u66f4\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540c\u65f6,\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9884\u793a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e5f\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916,\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u907f\u201d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u7eb3\u6216\u8bf4\u670d\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u201d,\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d34\u8fd1\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u8d39\u6069\u4f2f\u683c(Matthew Feinberg)\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7f57\u4f2f\u00b7\u7ef4\u52d2(Robb Willer)\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u5168\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u519b\u4e8b\u5f00\u652f\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u53d1\u73b0,\u5982\u80fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u8868\u8ff0\u5f97\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u76f8\u5bb9,\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u66f4\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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