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\/>\u3000\u3000\u9ad8\u6f6e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u62bd\u51fa\u4e13\u95e8\u4eba\u5458\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5f00\u5c55\u4fdd\u9a7e\u62a4\u822a\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u6253\u51fb\u8fdd\u53cd\u3001\u7834\u574f\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u3002\u7248\u4e0a\u533b\u9662\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u6392\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u624b\u672f\u3001\u6280\u672f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u663c\u591c\u575a\u630124\u5c0f\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u503c\u73ed\u3002\u9a7b\u9547\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u9547\u5c5e\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u914d\u5408\u6293\u597d\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5927\u6e05\u7406\u3002[19]<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u90fd\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u3002\u6545\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5584\u4e8e\u56e2\u7ed3\u5c11\u6570\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u5e76\u51ed\u501f\u8fd9\u6279\u9aa8\u5e72\u53bb\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\u3002[23]<br \/>\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8d63\u5357\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u51b2\u51fb\u5f53\u5730\u5b97\u65cf\u5ef6\u7eed\u8840\u8109\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b97\u65cf\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9690\u853d\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u3002[24]\u90ed\u4eae\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u8d70\u51fa\u7956\u836b\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6237\u7684\u666e\u904d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\u8fdd\u53cd\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u9ad8\u8fbe1\uff0f3\u5f3a\u3002[25]\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6c11\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u52aa\u529b\u9075\u7167\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u5f97\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8c\u5973\u6237\u3001\u6709\u7537\u6237\u7b49\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5728\u719f\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c06\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u786e\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e8c\u5973\u6237\u548c\u6709\u7537\u6237\u7ec4\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u6307\u6807\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u91cd\u70b9\u6237\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9489\u5b50\u6237\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u8ba1\u751f\u59d4\u5173\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5927\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u70b9\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u96be\u70b9\u5df2\u521d\u6b65\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6293\u4e86\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u3001\u9003\u8dd1\u6237\u8282\u80b2\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u843d\u5b9e\u201d\u3002[26]\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u663e\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u3001\u9003\u8dd1\u6237\u7b97\u662f\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u9644\u52a0\u4efb\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u5730\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u901a\u884c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u201d\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e9\u57281992\u5e74\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u7b49\u4e61\u9547\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u5148\u6e05\u73ed\u5b50\uff0c\u540e\u626b\u9662\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u6293\u597d\u515a\u5458\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u8868\u7387\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u2018\u4e00\u7897\u6c34\u7aef\u5e73\u2019\uff1b\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u843d\u5b9e\u201d\u3002[27]\u4ece\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u521d\u8877\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u8303\u4e61\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u201c\u8868\u7387\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u5e72\u90e8\u53ca\u5e72\u90e8\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u7248\u4e0a\u95471996\u5e74\u4e0b\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u515a\u5458\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u804c\u5de5\u3001\u516c\uff08\u6c11\uff09\u529e\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff08\u5b50\u5973\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u59d0\u59b9\uff09\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u6309\u201c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6293\u843d\u5b9e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3b\u52a8\u505a\u597d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u843d\u5b9e\u8282\u80b2\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u5230\u9547\u8ba1\u751f\u529e\u6c47\u62a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u5e87\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bf4\u60c5\u3002[28]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u5927\u591a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5438\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3a\u515a\u5458\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u804c\u5de5\u548c\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5fc5\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\u3002\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9aa8\u5e72\u5728\u201c\u4e89\u53d6\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u3001\u843d\u540e\u6237\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u53ca\u5e72\u90e8\u4eb2\u5c5e\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u201c\u9ad8\u6f6e\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u5f3a\u5316\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\u5916\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021993\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u4e13\u95e8\u53d1\u6587\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u8981\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5145\u5b9e\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u4e13\u4e1a\u961f\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6751\u7ec4\u5e72\u90e8\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u9053\uff1a<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u6751\u7ec4\u4e13\u5e72\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u5230\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u62a5\u916c\u201c\u4e09\u843d\u5b9e\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u916c\u53ef\u91c7\u53d6\u4e61\u3001\u6751\u4e24\u7ea7\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u7559\u6b3e\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u8d39\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u7b79\u63aa\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u70b9\u6293\u597d\u62a5\u916c\u843d\u5b9e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u6751\u7ec4\u4e13\u5e72\u5de5\u4f5c\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u64a4\u6362\u3002[29]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6781\u4e3a\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e861992\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5927\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u8c03\u67e5\u6478\u5e95\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u80b2\u9f84\u5987\u5973\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5bf9\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u8bd5\u56fe\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u6751\u7ec4\u5e72\u90e8\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u4e24\u7ea7\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u56de\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u6240\u5728\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fd1\u4ee3\u534e\u5317\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u62bd\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7740\u529b\u6539\u9020\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c3d\u529b\u5f80\u4e61\u6751\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5374\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u5916\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u4e2d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u578b\u7ecf\u7eaa\u88ab\u8d62\u5229\u578b\u7ecf\u7eaa\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6751\u7ea7\u6df7\u6df7\u4e5f\u8d81\u673a\u4ecb\u5165\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u5185\u5377\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002[30]\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6751\u7ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u5e72\u90e8\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6751\u7684\u6751\u652f\u4e66\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u505a\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\u800c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8f9e\u804c\u6216\u88ab\u64a4\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u7af9\u6751\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u652f\u4e66\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u3002\u90ed\u4eae\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u8f9e\u804c\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a1994\u5e74\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u6309\u5e38\u89c4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u590f\u5b63\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5927\u4f1a\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u7a81\u7136\u63a5\u5230\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c22\u67d0\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4f1a\u6218\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5f85\u66fe\u8d76\u5230\u73b0\u573a\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9020\u52bf\u7684\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u65e9\u5c31\u5c06\u8c22\u67d0\u5bb6\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u7ed9\u62c6\u4e86\uff0c\u501f\u94b1\u56de\u6765\u7684\u8c22\u67d0\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u8c22\u67d0\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u5728\u573a\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53e3\u89d2\u3002\u800c\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5f53\u573a\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u9762\u8ba9\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u6536\u62fe\uff0c\u5fc5\u8ba9\u6751\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u641e\u9b3c\u3002\u66fe\u89c9\u5f97\u989c\u9762\u626b\u5730\uff0c\u5f53\u573a\u8f9e\u804c\u3002[31]<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u6765\u641e\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u901a\u77e5\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u628a\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u641e\u4e2a\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5934\u3002\u6211\u662f\u8001\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u8981\u505a\u597d\u7fa4\u4f17\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u201c\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u62ff\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u601d\u60f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8c22\u67d0\u5bb6\u91cc\u7a77\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u9489\u5b50\u6237\uff0c\u4eba\u53c8\u8001\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u641e\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8001\u8868\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u641e\u7684\u9b3c\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u70b9\u9762\u5b50\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002[32]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u756a\u8bdd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u201c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4e89\u53d6\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u5b50\u5f53\u6210\u662f\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u7684\u8868\u6001\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u50cf\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u62c5\u5f53\u6751\u6c11\u4fdd\u62a4\u578b\u7ecf\u7eaa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5927\u4f1a\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e8b\u5148\u6709\u610f\u9690\u7792\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u884c\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u4e0e\u4e13\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6751\u7ec4\u5e72\u90e8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5374\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u53cd\u5f39\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u201c\u8001\u5b9e\u4eba\u201d\u8c22\u67d0\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u516c\u65f6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u6124\u6012\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u9489\u5b50\u6237\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9003\u8dd1\u6237\u201d\u7b49\u201c\u843d\u540e\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4e0d\u516c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u6fc0\u8d77\u516c\u5f00\u6216\u9690\u853d\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u74e6\u89e3\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b98\u50da\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u540c\u5fd7\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ce8\u91cd\u548c\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u56e2\u7ed3\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u9886\u5bfc\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ce8\u91cd\u548c\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u6838\u5fc3\u540c\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u53d8\u6210\u8131\u79bb\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6709\u6548\u63aa\u65bd\u4fbf\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u8ba9\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u9aa8\u5e72\u548c\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5728\u6597\u4e89\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002[33]<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u53ea\u6709\u591a\u7422\u78e8\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u51dd\u805a\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba4\u771f\u63a2\u7a76\u8c0b\u5212\uff0c\u771f\u6293\u5b9e\u5e72\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u6210\u7ee9\u3001\u89c1\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c3d\u5feb\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u843d\u540e\u5c40\u9762\u3002[35]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u53bf\u59d4\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u8ba9\u5e7f\u5927\u5e72\u90e8\u7fa4\u4f17\u201c\u591a\u7422\u78e8\u4e8b\u201d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u201c\u591c\u4ee5\u7ee7\u65e5\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u5730\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u63a8\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u8d39\u5c3d\u4e86\u5fc3\u601d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u201c\u4e25\u6253\u201d\u7b49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u4f1a\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u5b98\u50da\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u4ece\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u5c3d\u7ba1\u575a\u6301\u4e86\u53bf\u59d4\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u786c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f5c\u98ce\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u5374\u8ba9\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u53cd\u5f39\u3002\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5f39\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c11\u95f4\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6700\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f1995\u5e74\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u7236\u5b50\u5e26\u5934\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7fa4\u8bbf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u30001995\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u79cb\u5b63\u9ad8\u6f6e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e8b\u60c5\u8d77\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u5bb6\u4f4f\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u8f96\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u90bb\u9547\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u719f\u8c19\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4ee5\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u548c\u4eb2\u621a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u8bbf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8c22\u4eb2\u81ea\u6267\u7b14\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u5c01\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u300a\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u00d7\u00d7\u00d7\u7b49\u516b\u4eba\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e71\u7eaa\u7684\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\u300b\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u300a\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u00d7\u00d7\u00d7\u7b49\u516b\u4eba\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e71\u7eaa\u7684\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e8c\u300b\uff0c\u4e24\u5c01\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u6267\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6267\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7834\u574f\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u4e4b\u5b50\u8c22\u7389\u6cc9\u5728\u5168\u9547\u5404\u6751\u6536\u96c6\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5f81\u96c6\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u62cd\u4e0b\u88ab\u62c6\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u5230\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u529e\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u5230\u7701\u59d4\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u8bbf\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u5199\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8c22\u6c0f\u7236\u5b50\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u95f4\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u4e00\u80a1\u53cd\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\uff1a<br \/>\u3000\u3000\uff08\u8c22\u7389\u6cc9\uff09\u975e\u6cd5\u4e32\u901a\u3001\u62c9\u62e2\u4e00\u5e2e\u4eba\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u9020\u8c23\u717d\u52a8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5fc3\u6d6e\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f17\u751a\u81f3\u6000\u7591\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u9547\u515a\u59d4\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e1d\u65e0\u515a\u59d4\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u82d7\u5934\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5bf9\u6211\u9547\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8c28\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u8c22\u7389\u6cc9\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u5f84\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ffd\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u7ef3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6cd5\u3002[36]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u8d28\u7591\u58f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u65e0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f00\u5c55\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ea\u80fd\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u7236\u5b50\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5206\u5316\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u51c6\u5907\u5230\u7701\u59d4\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0a\u8bbf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd8\u9488\u5bf9\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4e3e\u62a5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u5199\u4e86\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u7acb\u610f\u5728\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u8c22\u6c0f\u7236\u5b50\u5e72\u6270\u8be5\u9547\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u8c22\u7389\u6cc9\u91c7\u53d6\u53f8\u6cd5\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u6297\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u540e\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u56fd\u7b56\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8c22\u6c0f\u7236\u5b50\u7b49\u4eba\u53cd\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4f9d\u636e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8be5\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u751f\u59d4\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6807\u660e\u201c\u4e0d\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u4e0d\u767b\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u6267\u6cd5\u4e2d\u575a\u6301\u201c\u4e03\u4e0d\u51c6\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8c22\u91d1\u751f\u5f53\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9014\u5f84\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5145\u5206\u8c03\u52a8\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5173\u5fc3\u652f\u6301\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b9e\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u4e3e\u62a5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u51e1\u4e3e\u62a5\u4e00\u4f8b\u4e8c\u5973\u6237\u5956\u52b1200\u5143\uff0c\u5f15\u4ea7100\u5143\uff0c\u4eba\u6d4150\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u9690\u5f62\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5a5a\u59fb100\u5143\u3002[37]<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u4e3e\u62a5\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5728\u6751\u7ec4\u5e72\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u5145\u5f53\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8865\u5145\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u52a8\u5458\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u6307\uff0c\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u540e\u6751\u652f\u4e66\u8c22\u8302\u660c\u7684\u906d\u9047\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8c22\u8302\u660c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u66fe\u5148\u5fb7\u4f3c\u7684\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c2000\u5e74\u56e0\u8054\u5408\u5168\u9547\u6240\u6709\u6751\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e72\u90e8\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7a0e\u8d39\u5f81\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u8f9e\u804c\u540e\u7684\u8c22\u8302\u660c\u4ecd\u7136\u803f\u803f\u4e8e\u6000\u4e8e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u6751\u91cc\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ba1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u795e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9b3c\u4e0d\u89c9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u624e\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8c22\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f04\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u771f\u76f8\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a1996\u5e74\uff0c\u540e\u6751\u4e00\u4f4d\u524d\u4efb\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u8c22\u67d0\u7684\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u5728\u80b2\u6709\u4e24\u5973\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6000\u5b55\u7b2c\u4e09\u80ce\uff0c\u60f3\u8d85\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u80ce\u513f\u6709\u516d\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u88ab\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u6293\u53bb\u5f15\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u7edd\u80b2\u624b\u672f\u3002\u8c22\u67d0\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u610f\u5916\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5ba3\u544a\u5176\u5c06\u201c\u65ad\u5b50\u7edd\u5b59\u201d\uff0c\u8c22\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba9\u513f\u5b50\u4e0e\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u8fdc\u8d70\u4ed6\u4e61\uff0c\u53bb\u505a\u8d85\u751f\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c22\u67d0\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u610f\u5916\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5e38\u7406\uff0c\u672c\u6751\u4eba\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u6df1\u4ec7\u5927\u6068\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u4eba\u201c\u65ad\u5b50\u7edd\u5b59\u201d\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u5728\u5bb6\u6000\u5b55\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8c22\u67d0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u4f24\u5929\u5bb3\u7406\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6751\u7ec4\u5e72\u90e8\u662f\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u5e95\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8033\u76ee\u201d\u3002\u8c22\u8302\u660c\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u51a4\u6789\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u51e0\u4f4d\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3e\u62a5\uff0c\u4f46\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5374\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u80cc\u8d1f\u8ba9\u4eba\u65ad\u5b50\u7edd\u5b59\u7684\u6076\u540d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d17\u8131\u8fd9\u4e00\u6076\u540d\uff0c\u8c22\u8302\u660c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u660e\u5bdf\u6697\u8bbf\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u67e5\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5b9e\u5c5e\u610f\u5916\u3002\u201c\u610f\u5916\u201d\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u9a7b\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6751\u7ed3\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u6ca1\u540e\u6751\uff0c\u67d0\u5929\u78b0\u5de7\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u8c22\u67d0\u7684\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u633a\u7740\u5927\u809a\u5b50\u5728\u6cb3\u8fb9\u6d17\u8863\u670d\u3002\u8c22\u67d0\u662f\u524d\u4efb\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u539f\u9a7b\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u5f53\u7136\u719f\u6089\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u987a\u5229\u5730\u5c06\u8c22\u67d0\u7684\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\u62c9\u53bb\u505a\u624b\u672f\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u62a5\u663e\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3e\u62a5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u4eba\u7684\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u8eab\u4efd\u5374\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u77e5\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fc5\u901f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u518d\u597d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5374\u4e3a\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u540e\u9057\u75c7\uff0c\u6751\u5e72\u90e8\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3e\u62a5\u5236\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5a01\u80c1\u4e86\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u30001999\u5e74\uff0c\u8ba1\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u63a5\u5230\u4e3e\u62a5\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bef\u5c06\u53ea\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u7684\u9648\u624d\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e8c\u5973\u6237\u7ed3\u624e\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u9648\u624d\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9547\u515a\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u674e\u67d0\u6263\u7559\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u201c\u8ba8\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u6751\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7537\u4e01\u90fd\u524d\u6765\u52a9\u9635\uff0c\u9547\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u53ca\u9547\u957f\u7b49\u4eba\u524d\u6765\u201c\u8c08\u5224\u201d\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u6d3e\u51fa\u6240\u3001\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u524d\u6765\u52a9\u9635\u90fd\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u6309\u7167\u9648\u624d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8d54\u507f\u4e869000\u5143\uff0c\u674e\u67d0\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u5171\u6d3e\u4e8612\u8f86\u8f66\u524d\u5f80\u7af9\u6751\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u62d8\u7981\u7f6a\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5c06\u9648\u624d\u7b49\u4eba\u5236\u670d\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u5458\u4e0e\u5b98\u50da\u5316\uff0c\u96c6\u6743\u4e0e\u7b80\u7ea6\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u5458\u4ec5\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u7b80\u7ea6\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5374\u4e0d\u65ad\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ef4\u7cfb\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e13\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u201d[43]\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6d3b\u529b\u300221\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u548c\u7406\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000*\u672c\u6587\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u822c\u9879\u76ee\uff0812YJC710046\uff09\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5415\u5fb7\u6587\uff1a\u534e\u4e2d\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<br \/>\u3000\u3000[1] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3\u5377\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c897\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[2] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u884c\u515a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c5\u5377\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1977\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c39\uff5e41\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[3] \u90ed\u4e8e\u534e\u3001\u5b59\u7acb\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u8bc9\u82e6\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u519c\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u5236\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u300b2002\u5e74\u7b2c4\u8f91\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[4] \u674e\u91cc\u5cf0\uff1a\u300a\u571f\u6539\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc9\u82e6\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u00b7\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u00b7\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff092007\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[5] \u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c72\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2002\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[6] \u90b9\u8c20\uff1a\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1994\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[7] \u536b\u5efa\u6797\uff1a\u300a\u515a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[8] \u5510\u7687\u51e4\uff1a\u300a\u5e38\u6001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u6253\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[9] \u9ec4\u51ac\u5a05\uff1a\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u7840\u6743\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u8c2d\u5b89\u594e\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c3\u8f91\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[10] \u9648\u67cf\u5cf0\uff1a\u300a\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u5b89\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5317\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[11] \u738b\u7ecd\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u7164\u77ff\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u76d1\u7ba1\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5b89\u90a6\u4e4b\u9053\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u9014\u5f84\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972007\u5e74\u7248\uff1b\u5eb7\u6653\u5149\u3001\u97e9\u6052\uff1a\u300a\u5206\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[12] [\u7f8e]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6c64\u68ee\u3001\u5e03\u5170\u7279\u5229\u00b7\u6c83\u9a6c\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1994\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c282\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[13] \u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff1a\u300a\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u7b80\u7ea6\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u51c6\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u89e3\u51b3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u534a\u6b63\u5f0f\u57fa\u5c42\u884c\u653f\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c5\u8f91\uff0c\u798f\u5dde\uff1a\u798f\u5efa\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[14] \u6309\u5b66\u672f\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5730\u540d\u3001\u4eba\u540d\u5df2\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u5904\u7406\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[15] \u540c\u6ce8\u2460\uff0c\u7b2c901\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[16] \u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u3008\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6c47\u62a5\u3009\u7684\u6279\u793a\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u515a\u53d1[1992]26\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[17] \u4e2d\u5171\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u590f\u5b63\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u300b\uff08\u7248\u515a\u53d1[1997]30\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[18] \u6b27\u9633\u9759\uff1a\u300a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e8e\u538b\u529b\u578b\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u4e0e\u4e61\u571f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e61\u9547\u653f\u6743\uff1a\u4ee5\u6854\u9547\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[19] \u4e2d\u5171\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u590f\u5b63\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u300b\uff08\u7248\u515a\u53d1[1997]30\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[20] \u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u3008\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6c47\u62a5\u3009\u7684\u6279\u793a\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u515a\u53d1[1992]26\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[21] \u5eb7\u6653\u5149\u3001\u97e9\u6052\uff1a\u300a\u5206\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[22] \u7533\u7aef\u950b\uff1a\u300a\u6cbb\u6743\u4e0e\u7ef4\u6743\uff1a\u548c\u5e73\u4e61\u519c\u6c11\u4e0a\u8bbf\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u74061978\u20142008\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u4e2d\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[23] \u540c\u6ce8\u2460\uff0c\u7b2c898\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[24] \u5f6d\u7389\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u5f53\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u4e0e\u5b97\u65cf\u7f51\u7edc\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[25] \u90ed\u4eae\uff1a\u300a\u8d70\u51fa\u7956\u836b\u2014\u2014\u8d63\u5357\u6751\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u6d4e\u5357\uff1a\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[26] \u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u3008\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6c47\u62a5\u3009\u7684\u6279\u793a\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u515a\u53d1[1992]26\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[27] \u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u3008\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6c47\u62a5\u3009\u7684\u6279\u793a\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u515a\u53d1[1992]26\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[28] \u4e2d\u5171\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff08\u7248\u515a\u53d1[1996]18\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[29] \u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u515a\u53d1[1993]12\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[30] [\u7f8e]\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a1900\u20141942\u5e74\u7684\u534e\u5317\u519c\u6751\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u798f\u660e\u8bd1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[31] \u90ed\u4eae\uff1a\u300a\u8d70\u51fa\u7956\u836b\u2014\u2014\u8d63\u5357\u6751\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u6d4e\u5357\uff1a\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[32] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c144\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[33] \u540c\u6ce8\u2460\uff0c\u7b2c899\uff5e900\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[34]\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u68c0\u67e5\u6c47\u62a5\u300b\uff0c1992\u5e748\u670816\u65e5 \u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[35]\u300a\u5927\u529b\u5021\u5bfc\u591a\u7422\u78e8\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c11\u7422\u78e8\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u597d\u98ce\u6c14\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3001\u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fc3\u53bf\u59d4\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff08\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b1993\u5e74\u7b2c7\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[36]\u4e2d\u5171\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8c22\u7389\u6cc9\u975e\u6cd5\u62cd\u7167\u3001\u9a97\u53d6\u94b1\u8d22\u3001\u86ca\u60d1\u717d\u52a8\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f17\u963b\u6320\u3001\u7834\u574f\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5236\u9020\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u6620\u300b\uff0c1995\u5e74\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[37]\u4e2d\u5171\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u7248\u4e0a\u9547\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u590f\u5b63\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u300b\uff08\u7248\u515a\u53d1[1997]30\u53f7\uff09\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[38]\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u5fc3\u7fa4\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c136\uff5e141\u9875\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[39]\u90b9\u8c20\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5eff\u4e16\u7eaa\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b1986\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[40]\u90b9\u8c20\uff1a\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1994\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[41]\u5f3a\u4e16\u529f\uff1a\u300a\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5316\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u9521\u4e94\u5ba1\u5224\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65b0\u4f20\u7edf\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5317\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2000\u5e74\u7b2c2\u8f91\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[42]\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff1a\u300a\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u7b80\u7ea6\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u51c6\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u7ea0\u7eb7\u89e3\u51b3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u534a\u6b63\u5f0f\u57fa\u5c42\u884c\u653f\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c5\u8f91\uff0c\u798f\u5dde\uff1a\u798f\u5efa\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000[43]\u6c6a\u6656\uff1a\u300a\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u9738\u6743\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u6784\u6210\u4e0e\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6d88\u901d\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5415\u5fb7\u6587&nbsp; \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u7f51 2012\u5e7408\u670809\u65e5 \u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f17\u8def\u7ebf\u662f\u515a\u7684\u6839 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=6729\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,129,130,122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-112","category-129","category-130","category-122"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6729"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6750,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729\/revisions\/6750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}