\u5f20\u4e19\u5ba3 \u5468\u6d9b \u300a\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f <\/p>\n
\u6458\u8981: \u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u88ab\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u867d\u7136\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u672a\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7531\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u906d\u9047\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u6cd5\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u667a\u6167\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5f25\u8865\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6280\u672f\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8ba9\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd: \u65b0\u5e38\u6001;\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff1b \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b \u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u6210\u5c0f\u5eb7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u76f8\u5f53\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u667a\u6167\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u667a\u6167\u676d\u5dde\u3001i-Shanghai\u3001\u4e91\u4e0a\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u667a\u6167\u5e7f\u5dde\u7b49\u7b49\u5df2\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u3002\u4ece2013\u5e741\u6708\u4f4f\u5efa\u90e8\u516c\u5e03\u9996\u627990\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u667a\u80fd\u8bd5\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5230\u540c\u5e748\u6708\u65b0\u589e103\u4e2a\u8bd5\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u518d\u52302015\u5e744\u6708\u65b0\u589e84\u4e2a\u8bd5\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u8bd5\u70b9\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230277\u4e2a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6301\u7eed\u5347\u6e29\u7684\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u614e\u91cd\u548c\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u80fd\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79f0\u547c\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\uff08smart city\uff09\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u57ce\u5e02\uff08intelligent city\uff09\u3001\u865a\u62df\u57ce\u5e02\uff08virtual city\uff09\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\uff08innovative city\uff09\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u57ce\uff08knowledge city\uff09\u3001\u521b\u610f\u57ce\u5e02\uff08creative city\uff09\u3001\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\uff08smart urban governance\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79f0\u547c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff08ICT\uff09\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79f0\u547c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff08smart governance\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u901f\u653e\u7f13\uff08\u5373\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff09\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u7814\u7a76\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u8ba9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5bc4\u4ee5\u539a\u671b\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7740\u91cd\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf <\/p>\n
\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6b65\u5165\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5f81 <\/p>\n
2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff08The New Normal\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u5e45\u5c06\u653e\u7f13\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30022014\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e3b\u5e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u673a\u9047\u30022014\u5e74\u4e2d\u592e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u4e5d\u4e2a\u8d8b\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u9996\u5148\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6295\u8d44\u652f\u6491\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u65e7\u5e38\u6001\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece\u9ad8\u901f\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9ad8\u901f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u529b\u4ece\u8981\u7d20\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u9a71\u52a8\u8f6c\u5411\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u674e\u7a3b\u8475\u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\uff1a\u65b0\u65e7\u589e\u957f\u70b9\u7684\u62c9\u952f\u5f0f\u4ea4\u66ff\u3001\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8270\u96be\u63a8\u8fdb\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff08\u674e\u7a3b\u8475\uff0c2015\uff1a11-15\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u7ecf\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6768\u4f1f\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u6b63\u4ece\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e2d\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u4ece\u89c4\u6a21\u901f\u5ea6\u578b\u7c97\u653e\u578b\u589e\u957f\u8f6c\u5411\u8d28\u91cf\u6548\u7387\u578b\u96c6\u7ea6\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u6b63\u4ece\u589e\u91cf\u6269\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8f6c\u5411\u8c03\u6574\u5b58\u91cf\u3001\u505a\u4f18\u589e\u91cf\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u8c03\u6574\uff1b\u56db\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u52a8\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u589e\u957f\u70b9\u8f6c\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u589e\u957f\u70b9\uff08\u6768\u4f1f\u6c11\uff0c2015\uff1a23\uff09\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u901f\u3001\u4f18\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65b0\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u591a\u6311\u6218\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u5f20\u518d\u751f\u3001\u767d\u5f6c\u5c06\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u7b26\u5408\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6027\u3001\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u51c6\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u5185\u89d2\u8272\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u7b56\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u201d \uff08\u5f20\u518d\u751f\u3001\u767d\u5f6c\uff0c2015\uff1a39\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u65b0\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbb\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u667a\u6167\u3002\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\uff08smart city\uff09\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff08ICT\uff09\u5c06\u4eba\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u5584\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff08Bak?c?, et al., 2013\uff1a147\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8003\u59c6\u5c3c\u8bfa\u65af\uff08Komninos\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u578b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6539\u9020\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7528\u4ee5\u589e\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Komninos, 2011\uff1a172\uff09\uff1b\u9686\u5df4\u8fea\uff08Lombardi\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u6167\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08Lombardi, et al., 2012\uff1a137\uff09\uff1bThuzar\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff08Thuzar\uff0c2011\uff1a96)\uff1b\u5357\u548c\u5e15\u5c14\u591a\uff08Nam & Pardo, 2011\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u62ec\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4eba\uff08\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u6559\u80b2\uff09\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u6574\u5408\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff08Washburn, et al., 2010\uff1a2; Batty, et al., 2012\uff1a482; Komninos, 2011\uff1a173;Papa, 2013\uff1a291-292\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff08smart governance\uff09\u662f\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u901a\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6885\u6770\u548c\u7f57\u5fb7\u91cc\u683c\u5179-\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Meijer & Rodr\u00edguez Bol\u00edvar\uff09\u5bf9\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u667a\u6167\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8981\u5730\u628a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n
1\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4ee5IT\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08Zygiaris, 2012\uff1a218\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u5e03\u5f88\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\uff08\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\uff09\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u7ba1\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff08ICT\uff09\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff08Aurigi, 2005\uff1a6\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6c83\u4ec0\u4f2f\u6069\uff08Washburn\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\uff08Washburn, et al., 2010\uff1a2\uff09\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
2\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6280\u672f\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u76ee\u6807\uff08Gummesson, 2014\uff1a2750\uff09\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30022008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u65e0\u6cd5\u9006\u8f6c\u6216\u51cf\u7f13\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u663e\u8457\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08Yigitcanlar, 2015\uff1a27\uff09\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u58f0\u79f0\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u521b\u9020\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff08Angelidou, 2014\uff1aS9\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5361\u62c9\u683c\u9c81\uff08Caragliu\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u8fd0\u8f93\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff08Caragliu, et al.,2011\uff1a70\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u7406\u6539\u9020\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Oxford Economics, 2011\uff1a2\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
3\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u6574\u5408\u57ce\u5e02\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6218\u7565\u613f\u666f\uff08Letaifa, 2015\uff1a1414-1419\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u53d8\u5f97\u4e92\u8054\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\uff08Washburn, et al., 2010\uff1a2\uff09\u3002\u5409\u5c14-\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a\uff08Gil-Garcia\uff09\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u6574\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5229\u7528\u57ce\u5e02\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u793e\u533a\uff08Gil-Garcia, 2012\uff1a8\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e94\u8be5\u63a8\u52a8\u8bf8\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08Lee, et al., 2013\uff1a287\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
4\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6885\u6770\u548c\u7f57\u5fb7\u91cc\u683c\u5179-\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5316\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u667a\u6167\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\uff08Batty, et al., 2012\uff1a485\uff09\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u667a\u6167\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u91cd\u5efa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\uff08Walravens, 2012\uff1a125\uff09\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5177\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u7ec4\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f00\u5c55\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8de8\u754c\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u5e93\u63d0\u7279\uff08Kourtit\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u90fd\u7eb3\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5e94\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d1f\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff08Kourtit, et al., 2012\uff1a229\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff08ICT\uff09\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u6574\u5408\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u589e\u957f\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u6b63\u5728\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u6768\u51ac\u6885\uff0c2015\uff1a164\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u6cf0\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u548c\u963f\u683c\u7ebd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08Tapscott & Agnew, 1999\uff1a34\u201337\uff09\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002 <\/p>\n
1\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u3002\u5546\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u662f\u667a\u6167\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u65e9\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e91\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u521a\u5174\u8d77\u65f6\u4fbf\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u5c06\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5316\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u63e1\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u59cb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u6e2f\u53e3\u3001\u673a\u573a\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u533b\u7597\u5065\u5eb7\uff08Bulu, et al., 2014\uff1a5626\uff09\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u76d1\u72f1\u3001\u505c\u8f66\u573a\u3001\u57ce\u7ba1\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u201c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u673a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\uff08\u6c6a\u9526\u519b\uff0c2014\uff1a51\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
2\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6781\u4f4e\u6216\u96f6\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u6574\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7b49\uff0c\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u667a\u6167\u5bf9\u63a5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
3\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u653f\u5e9c\u89e3\u51b3\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u653f\u7b56\uff08Schuurman, et al., 2012\uff1a51\uff09\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u7ec4\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u3001\u533a\u3001\u8857\u591a\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7cbe\u7b80\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
4\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u754c\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u5408\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5f00\u5c55\u667a\u6167\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8d1d\u5854\u7518\uff08B?t?gan\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u8de8\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08B?t?gan, 2011\uff1a84\uff09\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c45\u6c11\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5305\u529e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u3002\u800c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u65e0\u7591\u80fd\u5c06\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u201c\u5212\u6868\u201d\u5411\u201c\u638c\u8235\u201d\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u5143\u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u6c47\u96c6\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8de8\u754c\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u201c\u4ece\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8005\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8005\u5411\u53ec\u96c6\u8005\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8005\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d\uff08Potapchuk, et al., 1998\uff1a32\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
5\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7531\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u65e0\u529b\u7ee7\u7eed\u627f\u62c5\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u00b7\u91cc\u592b\u91d1\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u79df\u8d41\u5546\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u6781\u4f4e\u6216\u96f6\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u4eab\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u201d \uff08\u91cc\u592b\u91d1\uff0c2014\uff1a68\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6b65\u5165\u96f6\u8fb9\u9645\u6210\u672c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u8054\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u51b3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u96be\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u4ece\u6e90\u5934\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6761\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u7387\u80fd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u534f\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5 <\/p>\n
\u5b89\u63d0\u6d1b\u514b\uff08Anttiroiko\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u5411\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u628a\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5173\u6000\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6216\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84(Anttiroiko, et al., 2014\uff1a323)\u3002\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5021\u5bfc\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8de8\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u8de8\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u8fb9\u754c\u5f00\u5c55\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u8de8\u754c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5965\u56fe\u5c14\uff08O\u2019Toole\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u81ea\u613f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4f53\u5408\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u5019\uff08O\u2019Toole, 2015\uff1a362\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5408\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5185\u90e8\u5316\u548c\u884c\u653f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5168\u9762\u53d6\u4ee3\u591a\u5143\u5408\u4f5c\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u667a\u6167\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u6491 <\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u6309\u804c\u80fd\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6700\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u662f\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u667a\u6167\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u673a\u5236\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bae\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7b49\u7b49\u677e\u6563\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u5219\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u201d\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b49\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u585e\u5c14\u548c\u52a0\u4ec0\uff08Ansell & Gash\uff09\u901a\u8fc7137\u4e2a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u53d1\u73b0\u524d\u671f\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u6027\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u5c0f\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff08Ansell & Gash, 2007\uff1a343\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u652f\u6301 <\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u970d\u5170\uff08Hollands\uff09\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7f6e\u4e8e\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u536b\u661f\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u7ebf\u548c\u65e0\u7ebf\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\uff08Hollands, 2008\uff1a306\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e91\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u786c\u76d8\u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u901f\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1b\u800c\u9ad8\u901f\u786c\u76d8\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79fb\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u7b49\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5177\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u4f20\u611f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff08Heo, et al., 2014\uff1a109\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5bbd\u5e26\u878d\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u60c5\u666f\u611f\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8bed\u97f3\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u5bbd\u5e26\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c04\u9891\u8bc6\u522b\uff08RFID\uff09\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Yigitcanlar & Lee, 2014\uff1a103\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u5b89\u3001\u793e\u533a\u533b\u7597\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u4f17\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u8fbe\u5de5\u5177\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u667a\u6167\u793e\u533a\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4e0a\u57ce\u533a\u201c\u667a\u6167\u4e91\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u6c11\u60c5E\u70b9\u901a\u201d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u201cPC\u7aef\u201d\u5411\u201c\u624b\u673a\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u95e8\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5929\u773c\u201d\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u62a5\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u667a\u6167\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6cbb\u5b89\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u4eba\u624d\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20 <\/p>\n
\u4eba\u624d\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u806a\u660e\u4eba\uff08smart people\uff09\u653e\u5728\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u590f\u76ae\u7f57(Shapiro)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\u662f\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5c31\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u57df(Shapiro, 2006\uff1a324-335)\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u77e5\u540d\u9ad8\u6821\u6240\u5728\u7684\u533a\u57df\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\uff08Lombardi, et al., 2012\uff1a140\uff09\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u4e13\u624d\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u667a\u6167\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u578b\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff1b\u5728\u793e\u533a\u667a\u6167\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u719f\u77e5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5411\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u666e\u53ca\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u5177\u5907\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u58f0\u79f0\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8870\u9000\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5584\u6cbb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u8ba4\u771f\u601d\u8003\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5305\u5bb9\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5f3a\u8c03\u628a\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u5174\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff08Storper, 2013\uff1a68\uff09\u3002\u8c01\u5728\u5021\u5bfc\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff1f\u8c01\u4ece\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u6700\u5927\uff1f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u679c\u771f\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u7e41\u8363\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e07\u7075\u4e39\u5417\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u7531\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u5171\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002IBM\u3001\u601d\u79d1\u3001\u897f\u95e8\u5b50\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u5229\u6da6\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u73af\u4fdd\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u6c34\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6539\u5584\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u5206\u62c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u3001\u7406\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u8de8\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5b89\u63d0\u6d1b\u514b\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e2d\u6536\u83b7\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7531\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8d23\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb\u9002\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7531\u6280\u672f\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f59\u5730\uff08Anttiroiko, 2013\uff1a503\uff09\u3002\u8c22\u5c14\u987f\uff08Shelton\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u52a8\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6839\u636e\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\uff08Shelton, et al., 2015\uff1a13\u201325\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u7075\u4e39\u5999\u836f\uff0c\u5b83\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u9602\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6570\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u6280\u672f\u6d88\u8d39\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08Yigitcanlar & Lee, 2014\uff1a111\uff09\u3002\u5409\u7279\u574e\u62c9\u5c14\uff08Yigitcanlar\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u6280\u672f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6781\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8870\u9000\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff08Yigitcanlar & Lee, 2014\uff1a111\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u516c\u5171\u4fe1\u606f\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u786e\u5b9e\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9047\u5230\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\uff08ICT\uff09\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6491\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u84c4\u610f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u5fc3\u6000\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3001\u95f4\u8c0d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6545\u969c\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6f0f\u6d1e\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4fb5\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u7a83\u53d6\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7834\u574f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u762b\u75ea\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6709\u7ebf\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5411\u65e0\u7ebf\u548c\u65e0\u7f1d\u5bf9\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u534f\u540c\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669(Heo, et al., 2014\uff1a109)\u3002\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u8ddf\u8e2a(Ziegeldorf, et al., 2014\uff1a2728)\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u81ea\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u901a\u8baf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u62ab\u9732\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u4e0d\u592a\u4e3a\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08Rebollo-Monederon, et al., 2014\uff1a94-108\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u5426\u7f29\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u5462\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u6253\u7834\u65e7\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u90e8\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u6269\u5927\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u5b83\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u5bf9\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u79c1\u90e8\u95e8\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u95e8\u8981\u6c42\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5411\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u8d34\u3002\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6da6\u800c\u6295\u8d44\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff08Graham & Marvin, 2001\uff1a119\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u5730\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u8fb9\u7f18\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u79bb\uff08Minton, 2009\uff1a15-36\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u516c\u79c1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e4b\u95f4\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u5bf9\u63a5\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u5185\u90e8\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u5c61\u5c61\u53d7\u632b\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u8fbe30\u591a\u4e2a\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0a\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u515a\u5efa\u3001\u6c11\u653f\u7ebf\u5c31\u5404\u67093-5\u4e2a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u4e0a\u62a5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u91c7\u7528\u667a\u6167\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u6210\u672c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08Yigitcanlar, 2015\uff1a31\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5c06\u65e2\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6096\u4e8e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u534f\u540c\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u788e\u7247\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6709\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u788e\u7247\u5316\u662f\u6280\u672f\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u4f20\u611f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u7403\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u900f\u660e\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8f83\u5feb\u5730\u8d62\u5f97\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u68d8\u624b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f88\u96be\u8d62\u5f97\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\uff08Yigitcanlar\uff0c2015\uff1a32\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u65e9\u3001\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u653f\u6cd5\u3001\u516c\u5b89\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6c11\u653f\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u6c11\u7528\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u9650\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6280\u672f\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u82b3\u6c40\u6307\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7535\u5b50\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u514b\u670d\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u5206\u6b67\uff08\u82b3\u6c40\uff0c2004\uff1a166-175\uff09\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u6280\u672f\u7edd\u975e\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff08Williams, 1983: 128\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u9020\u6210\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u58c1\u5792\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff08Hollands, 2008\uff1a312\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u529b\u8fd8\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f <\/p>\n
\u6fc0\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u589e\u8fdb\u4eba\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u6765\u5de9\u56fa\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7531\u8de8\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u8d77\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u540c\u5176\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u589e\u52a0\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u7684\u52a0\u5267\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u9602\u7684\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6291\u5236\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7406\u672f\uff08Governmentality\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u798f\u67ef\u6307\u51fa\u6cbb\u7406\u672f\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6743\u529b\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08Foucault, 1991:87-104\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u8d6b\u6885\u5c14\uff08Hummel\uff09\u7684\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff08Hummel, 2007: 9\uff09\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u5f3a\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u201c\u597d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u574f\u201d\uff0c\u5212\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201d\u754c\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08Vanolo, 2014\uff1a883\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u62ec\u63a7\u5236\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u8bad\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5411\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u5206\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5f97\u4ee5\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\uff08Rose, 1999\uff1a135-136\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7834\u89e3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u4f7f\u5b83\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u2014\u6743\u529b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9 <\/p>\n
\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u667a\u6167\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u6280\u672f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6280\u672f\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5411\u516c\u6c11\u8d4b\u6743\u6388\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u6df1\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u8ba9\u667a\u6167\u5e26\u6765\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5584\u6cbb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u667a\u6167\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b <\/p>\n
\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u597d\u57ce\u5e02\uff1f\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u7ed9\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u74e6\u8bfa\uff08Vanolo\uff09\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6d41\u901a\u3001\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4eba6\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff08Vanolo, 2014\uff1a887\uff09\uff0cChourabi\u7b49\u4eba\u4ece\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7b498\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8bbe\u60f3\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u60f3\u591a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u6cbb\u7406\u672f\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6cbb\u56fd\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529e\u4e8b\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u7a0b\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4eba\u9020\u7269\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff08\u5f20\u4e19\u5ba3\uff0c2011\uff1a49\uff09\uff1f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Calzada & Cobo, 2015\uff1a23-43\uff09\uff1f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6539\u9020\u548c\u91cd\u5851\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u548c\u5783\u573e\u573a\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5305\u62ec\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u536b\u661f\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u7ebf\u6216\u6709\u9650\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\uff08sensor web\uff09\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7262\u56fa\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u534f\u540c\u6027\uff08O’Grady & O’Hare, 2012\uff1a1581\uff09\u3002\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff1b\u91c7\u53d6\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm-embedded\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u57ce\u5e02\u6cbb\u7406\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\uff08Bulu, et al., 2014\uff1a5625\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u614e\u91cd\u8003\u8651\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5411\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\uff08Batty, et al., 2012\uff1a486\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u5c55\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u6cbb\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u6c9f\u901a\uff08O’Grady & O’Hare, 2012\uff1a1582\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5411\u516c\u6c11\u8d4b\u6743\u6388\u80fd\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406 <\/p>\n
\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b83\u58f0\u79f0\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u6765\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6536\u76ca\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba9\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u90fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5584\u6cbb\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u57ce\u5e02\u8d70\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\uff08Dvir & Pasher, 2004\uff1a16\uff09\u3002\u5411\u516c\u6c11\u8d4b\u6743\u6388\u80fd\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u516c\u6c11\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u535a\u3001\u5fae\u4fe1\u3001QQ\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bba\u575b\u7b49\u793e\u4ea4\u5de5\u5177\u53c2\u4e0e\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b7\u6f20\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u91cd\u5851\u57ce\u5e02\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6df1\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u95e8\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u90e8\u95e8\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f\u5efa\u8bbe\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3001\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u5408\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5206\u6563\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5f3a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u683c\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5404\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e92\u8054\u5171\u901a\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u5206\u6563\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5b9e\u73b0\u7531\u788e\u7247\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u5411\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002 <\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u57f9\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u4f5c\u7528 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u76c8\u5229\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u667a\u6167\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7531\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6784\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5305\u5bb9\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff08Hodgkinson, 2011\uff1a2\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e09\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u4e92\u589e\u76ca\u7684\u826f\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u91ca\u653e\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u653e\u624b\u8ba9\u516c\u4f17\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u4e3a\u516c\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8ba9\u6563\u6c99\u822c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7740\u4e1a\u7f18\u3001\u5730\u7f18\u4e0e\u8da3\u7f18\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u4efb\u5251\u6d9b\uff0c2015\uff1a89\uff09\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u8feb\u5207\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u628a\u63e1\u5408\u4f5c\u5951\u673a\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff08social entrepreneur\uff09\uff08Cornforth, et al., 2015\uff1a16\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u70b9\u57f9\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u5728\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u5929\u4f53\u5730\u91cc\u6355\u6349\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3001\u53ec\u96c6\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba <\/p>\n
\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u70ed\u6f6e\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u771f\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u80fd\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e76\u672a\u5982\u5176\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6cbb\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5f3a\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u667a\u6167\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5f25\u8865\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8ba9\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df1\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u95e8\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u793e\u4f1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u5e38\u6001\u4e0b\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u88ab\u5306\u5306\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u8981\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6cbb\u7406\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5f00\u5c55\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5f20\u4e19\u5ba3 \u5468\u6d9b \u300a\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f \u6458 … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb