{"id":6599,"date":"2016-03-12T15:50:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-12T07:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=6599"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:27:14","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T05:27:14","slug":"%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e5%91%bd%e5%90%8d%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%a4%be%e5%8c%ba%e5%bb%ba%e8%ae%be%ef%bc%9a%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e3%80%81%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%e5%8f%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.anyishequ.cn\/?p=6599","title":{"rendered":"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u53ca\u8d85\u8d8a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5434\u8d8a\u83f2 \u6587\u519b  \u300a\u6c5f\u82cf\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f <\/p>\n

\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u501f\u7528\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u518d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7686\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff1a\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5bf9\u7167\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5efa\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u76f8\u548c\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5982\u7406\u8bba\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u5b58\u3001\u201c\u547d\u540d\u201d\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u5927\u843d\u5dee\u3001\u539f\u6709\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u65ad\u5185\u5377\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e88\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\/\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\/\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\/\u8d85\u8d8a\u547d\u540d <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6210\u679c\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8630\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5305\u542b\u9762\u5411\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u9020\u548c\u9762\u5411\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u56f0\u5883\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u5ff5\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8fdf\u6ede\u548c\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u800c\u4ee5\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u91cd\u65b0\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u628a\u63e1\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c1d\u8bd5\u501f\u7528\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u4e0e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u547d\u540d <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d(the politics of naming)\u662f\u9690\u533f\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6839\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\uff0c[1]\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5426\u5b9a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5efa\u6784\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d(names)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5206\u7c7b\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5efa\u6784\u8ba4\u77e5\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u540d\u5b57\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u4f01\u56fe\u662f\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89c6\u9608\u4e2d\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6743\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c[2]\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u5851\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002[3]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u80cc\u540e\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u7684\u8be0\u91ca(interpretation)\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53bb\u547d\u540d\u201d(de-naming)\u548c\u201c\u518d\u547d\u540d\u201d(re-naming)\u6539\u53d8\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u8d77\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u65e2\u662f\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5f52\u5bbf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5d4c\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d(discourse)\u3002\u5b83\u56e0\u5f97\u5230\u6743\u5a01\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u800c\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u540d\u79f0\u201d\u5212\u5206\u8fb9\u754c\u5e76\u5efa\u6784\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u201c\u547d\u540d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u2018\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u2019(anybodies)\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u2018\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u2019(somebodies)\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d[4]\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d6\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u547c\u5524\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8089\u8eab\uff0c\u518d\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002[5]\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u6784\u60f3\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u5851\u9020\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u4e0b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u4e0e\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u00b7\u970d\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u5e72\u9884\u201d(intervention)\u76f8\u5173\u3002[6]\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u60f3\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5bf9\u65e7\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5360\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u6539\u53d8\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u6e34\u671b\u2026\u2026\u62e5\u6709\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201d[7](P105)\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u547d\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u5411\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u6d3b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53c8\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u590d\u5236\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed(discourse)\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u201c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u6d89\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4e2d\u6784\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u5efa\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201d[8](P64)\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5efa\u6784\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\uff0c[9](P49)\u4e0d\u4ec5\u628a\u503c\u5f97\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7eb3\u5165\u8bdd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u547d\u540d\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002[10]\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5177\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u91ca\u4e49\u800c\u5177\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u521b\u9020\u5c5e\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e26\u6709\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u8bdd\u8bed\u7cfb\u7edf\u94fe\u63a5\u89e3\u6784\u73b0\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u800c\u5efa\u6784\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u547d\u540d\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff1a\u5408\u4e4e\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1b\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4f59\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u529b\u91cf\u4f5c\u540e\u76fe\u3002[11](P5) <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u3002\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5e73\u767d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5177\u6709\u5efa\u6784\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u5bfc\u5411\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u7528\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7406\u89e31980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ebf\u7d22\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c06\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5bf9\u7167\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5efa\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u65e7\u79e9\u5e8f\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c31\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c061980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u653e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u518d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u6cbb\u7406\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u884c\u7684\u201c\u547d\u540d\u201d\u6240\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u65b0\u5b9e\u8df5\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u540d\u66f4\u66ff\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\uff1a <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8865\u7f3a\u5f0f\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u671f(1986-1997\u5e74)\u3002\u59cb\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u529e\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5305\u63fd\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u201c\u798f\u5229\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u798f\u5229\u4e0e\u5355\u4f4d\u8131\u94a9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u4f34\u968f\u7684\u662f\u798f\u5229\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5316\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u539f\u6709\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u804c\u80fd\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u804c\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u8f6c\u5411\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5b64\u8001\u6b8b\u5e7c\u5b89\u7f6e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5784\u65ad\u6743\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u884c\u653f\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u6574\u5408\u3002\u5728\u793e\u533a\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5185\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u51f8\u663e\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5404\u5730\u6c11\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7686\u5f00\u59cb\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u63a2\u7d22\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4f9b\u7ed9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u4e3a\u524d\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u8d77\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u671f(1998-2012\u5e74)\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u518d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fc8\u5165\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u65ad\u793e\u533a\u5316\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u56f4\u7ed5\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6237\u7c4d\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6539\u9769\u4e3e\u63aa\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u79ef\u538b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u91cd\uff1b\u2460\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee51998\u5e74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u673a\u6784\u6539\u9769\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u800c\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u57fa\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u2461\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e2\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5012\u903c\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ece\u201c\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u671f(2013\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765)\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u9010\u6b65\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5355\u5411\u5316\u3001\u7eb5\u5411\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u5371\u673a\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u5371\u673a\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u5371\u673a\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u673a\u3002[12](P1)\u800c\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52a8\u5458\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u884c\u653f\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6548\u7387\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u533a\u88ab\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8272\u5f69\u6240\u88f9\u631f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u672c\u771f\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53ca\u5176\u8d85\u8d8a <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6027\u201d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u521b\u9020\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u751f\u4e8b\u7269\u6765\u4f7f\u5916\u754c\u4e8b\u7269\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u65b9\u6848\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u610f\u5916\u540e\u679c\u6216\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[13]\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7C.\u65af\u79d1\u7279(James C.Scott)\u5bf9\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u578b\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5931\u8d25\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u8bb8\u591a\u672a\u9884\u671f\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002[17]\u2462\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u5730\u8d70\u8fdb\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8def\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u66f4\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u52a0\u4ee5\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u81f3\u5c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7406\u8bba\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u5b58\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u547d\u540d\u201d\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u843d\u5dee\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fc7\u4e8e\u501a\u91cd\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u65ad\u5185\u5377\u5316\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u547d\u540d\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d8\u9769\u793e\u533a\u8f6f\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u7136\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba <\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u501f\u7528\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u65b0\u9c9c\u53c8\u5192\u9669\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5185\u6db5\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5bfb\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9690\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u89c6\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e0e\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6cbe\u67d3\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u547d\u540d\u201d\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u548c\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u7684\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u5bf9\u591a\u5143\u6027\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u62b5\u89e6\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u9762\u4e34\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u6d6e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u72c2\u6b22\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53cd\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u4f7f\u5f97\u73b0\u5b9e\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u88ab\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5efa\u6784\u3001\u6587\u672c\u91ca\u4e49\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u67b6\u7a7a\uff0c\u800c\u5dee\u5f02\u672c\u8eab\u53cd\u5012\u88ab\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u540d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u96c6\u591a\u91cd\u671f\u5f85\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5b83\u9644\u7740\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u671f\u5f85\u662f\u501f\u7531\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u91cd\u5efa\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6574\u5408\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e92\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u5408\u4f5c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u5c06\u793e\u533a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u5b83\u9644\u7740\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u4ece\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u3001\u6881\u6f31\u6e9f\u7b49\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u5230\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5174\u76db\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6298\u5c04\u7684\u662f\u501f\u7531\u201c\u5c0f\u793e\u533a\u201d\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5fae\u89c2\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6d1e\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c6\u7a97\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bc4\u6258\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u5b83\u9644\u7740\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u76f4\u63a5\u5851\u9020\u7740\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u56de\u5e94\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u56da\u7b3c\u201d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5171\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8870\u843d\u2464\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u7684\u9501\u95ed\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u627f\u8f7d\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e1a\u5df2\u5931\u843d\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u8ffd\u5fc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7834\u9664\u5e73\u9762\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u4f53\u5f0f\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c[16]\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u533a\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u5e94\u5f53\u843d\u5b9e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u9762\u52a9\u76ca\u4e8e\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c[17]\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u89e6\u78b0\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u5f02\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8c01\u8fdb\u8c01\u9000\uff0c\u8c01\u5927\u8c01\u5c0f\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7ed3\u8bba\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7406\u89e3\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u6bd4\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\uff1b\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u81ea\u6cbb\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6cbb\u7406\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u4fdd\u7559\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027(\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u529b\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b)\uff0c\u800c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u53c8\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6388\u6743\u3002\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u8131\u57df\u673a\u5236\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u8131\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c[18](P69)\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u662f\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u80a9\u8d1f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460\u6bd4\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c97\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0e\u518d\u5c31\u4e1a\u4efb\u52a1\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u4e1b\u751f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u5229\u76ca\u7ea0\u7eb7\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u6c89\u6dc0\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9f\u5f85\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u9a7e\u9a6c\u8f66\u201d(\u4e1a\u59d4\u4f1a\u3001\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u3001\u7269\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8)\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e0e\u8857\u9053\u548c\u533a\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u3001\u8d23\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u519c\u6751\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6751\u4e24\u59d4\u3001\u4e61\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u79fb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u6324\u538b\u7684\u9519\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6709\u793e\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u76f8\u5173\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u56db\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u7ed3\u5408\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u6781\u7aef\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f00\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6781\u7aef\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u671b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b49\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2463\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u603b\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5b64\u5c9b\u601d\u7ef4\u201d(silo mentality)\uff0c\u5373\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u4e1a\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u8fd0\u8425\u5353\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2464\u8fd9\u79cd\u8870\u843d\u6070\u5982\u6851\u5185\u7279\u63f4\u5f15\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u987e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u90fd\u548c\u4ed6\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u597d\u53cb\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6df7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\uff1b\u4ed6\u89e6\u78b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u611f\u89c9\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u5c31\u7b97\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u201d\u8be6\u7ec6\u53c2\u89c1[\u7f8e]\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u6851\u5185\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u516c\u5171\u4eba\u7684\u8870\u843d\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7248\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[1]\u6587\u519b.\u8d70\u51fa\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u95e8\uff1a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd[J].\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\uff0c2003\uff0c(3). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[2]Katja M.Guenther.The Politics of Names:Rethinking the Methodological and Ethical Significance of Naming People,Organizations,and Places[J].Qualitative Research,2009,9,(4). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[3]Julie Peteet.Words as Interventions:Naming in the Palestine-Israel Conflict[J].Third World Quarterly,2005,26,(1). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[4]Geertz,C.The Interpretation of Culture[M].New York:Basic Books,1973. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[5]\u6587\u519b.\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8003\u8bc4[J].\u6c42\u7d22\uff0c2003\uff0c(2). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[6]Catherine Walsh.The Politics of Naming:(Inter)Cultural Studies in De-colonial Code[J].Cultural Studies,2012,1,(26). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[7]Pierre Bourdieu.Language and Symbolic Power[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1991. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[8]Fairclough,N.Discourse and Social Change[M].London:Polity,1992. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[9]Foucault,M.The Archaeology of Knowledge[M].London:Tavistock,1972. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[10]Gabriele vom Brick,Barbara Bodenhorn.An Anthropology of Names and Naming[M].New York Cambridge University Press,2006. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[11][\u82f1]\u9f50\u683c\u8499\u7279\u00b7\u9c8d\u66fc.\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\u6027[M].\u90b5\u8fce\u751f\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2003. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[12]\u6768\u51a0\u743c.\u653f\u5e9c\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u521b\u65b0[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[13]\u738b\u5c0f\u7ae0.\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe[J].\u6d59\u6c5f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c2010\uff0c(3). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[14]\u6587\u519b.\u8fce\u63a5\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3[J].\u4e0a\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c2014\uff0c(1). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[15]\u674e\u57f9\u6797.\u5398\u6e05\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898[N].\u5317\u4eac\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c2014-9-15. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[16]\u6587\u519b.\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u652f\u70b9[N].\u6587\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c2014-5-8. <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000[17]C.Calhoun.Community without Propinquity Revisited:Communications Technology and Transformation of the Urban Public Space[J].Social Inquiry,1998,3,(68). <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u79d1\u57fa\u91d1\u91cd\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u63a8\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4eba\u53e3\u5e02\u6c11\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u201d(13&ZD043)\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\u91cd\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u516c\u5171\u6cbb\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u201d(13JJD840009)\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u79d1\u57fa\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u56de\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u201d(13BSH002)\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u6210\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n

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