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\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d(Neighborhood Unit)\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4f69\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u57ce\u5e02\u5e72\u9053\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u8857\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u4f4f\u623f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u914d\u5efa\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u6237\u5916\u4f11\u95f2\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u7a7f\u8d8a\u57ce\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u5e72\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6ee1\u8db3\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u8001\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5c31\u5b66\u3001\u5916\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u3002\u53d7\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u7b51\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u4e09\u5e74\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6d77\u66f9\u9633\u65b0\u6751(1951\u5e74\u20141953\u5e74)\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u66f9\u9633\u65b0\u6751\u4f4f\u5b85\u4ee5\u884c\u5217\u5f0f\u5e03\u5c40\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5206\u5f04\u2014\u574a\u2014\u533a\u4e09\u7ea7\u5e03\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u574a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u533b\u7597\u70b9\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u3001\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u5230\u8fbe\uff1b\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5efa\u6709\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u90ae\u5c40\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u914d\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u9053\u8def\u5206\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4eba\u8f66\u6df7\u884c\u3002\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u5185\u9053\u8def\u5206\u7ea7\u5e03\u7f6e\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5916\u90e8\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u7a7f\u8d8a\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u914d\u5907\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u7eff\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f4f\u5b85\u8bb2\u7a76\u65e5\u7167\u901a\u98ce\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136[1]76\u3002\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e1951\u5e74\u7684\u590d\u5174\u95e8\u5916\u5c0f\u533a\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u8428\u8fea\u5947\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5de9\u56fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u201d[10]39\u3002\u4ee5\u66f9\u9633\u65b0\u6751\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u8574\u542b\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u5bf9\u5de5\u519c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e73\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f4f\u5b85\u7ec4\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u7eff\u8272\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7f51\u70b9\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u65b0\u4eba\u201d\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u52a0\u5927\uff0c1953\u5e74\u5f15\u8fdb\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u201c\u8857\u574a\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u201d(superblock)\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5212\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u5468\u8fb9\u5f0f\u3001\u53cc\u5468\u8fb9\u5f0f\u5c0f\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u8857\u574a\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u6258\u5e7c\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u516c\u5171\u7eff\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u5317\u4eac\u767e\u4e07\u5e84\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u548c\u9152\u4ed9\u6865\u3001\u4e09\u91cc\u6cb3\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u957f\u6625\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5382\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5212\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8f74\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5e03\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u9662\u843d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u56f4\u5408\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u610f\u5728\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8f74\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u6784\u56fe\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5747\u8861\u611f\u548c\u5e84\u4e25\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c45\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u521a\u521a\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u89c4\u5212\u8005\u4e5f\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u8857\u574a\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6297\u8861\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4e8e\u90ca\u533a\uff0c\u201c\u8857\u574a\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u201d\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u201c\u6709\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u5b83\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u89c4\u5212[15]\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u65f6\u9694\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u201c\u8857\u574a\u578b\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u201d\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u60f3\u906d\u5230\u629b\u5f03\u30021957\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u5f15\u5165\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u5ff5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d(Microdistrict)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u79ef\u572840\uff5e60hm\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a1\u4e07\uff5e1.5\u4e07\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5c45\u4f4f\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u534a\u5f84\u5728300\uff5e400\u7c73\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u56db\u81f3\u4e94\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5927\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u662f\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u51fa\u884c\u65b9\u4fbf\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\u5219\u517c\u5177\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\u542b\u4e49\u3002[1]80 <\/p>\n
\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6cbb\u56fd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6697\u55bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u5927\u5fd7\u201d[10]85\u30021958\u5e74\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5168\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u7e41\u884d\u51fa\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u65f6\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u52a8\u5458\u5168\u6c11\u5954\u8d74\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u63d0\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c\u8d85\u82f1\u8d76\u7f8e\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e8\u6708\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5c55\u5f00\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u6e90\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8db3\u5de5\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6d88\u706d\u57ce\u4e61\uff0c\u901a\u5f80\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u540c\u3001\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u7406\u60f3\u5883\u754c\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u91cd\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8f7b\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u8def\u63a8\u5411\u6781\u81f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4f4f\u5b85\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u798f\u5229\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u519c\u5175\u5b66\u5546\u4e94\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u653f\u793e\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u7406\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u533a\u548c\u7eaf\u5316\u4f4f\u5b85\u5185\u90e8\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u8981\u6c42\u5c45\u6c11\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5c45\u6c11\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u98df\u5802\u5c31\u9910\uff0c\u5404\u6237\u4e0d\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53a8\u623f\u548c\u9910\u5385\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7b26\u53f7\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u201c\u534f\u540c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d[16]\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f8e\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u7684\u7406\u6027\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ecb\u5165\u548c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u519c\u6c11\u7269\u8d28\u5bcc\u8db3\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u5e0c\u5180\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u9769\u547d\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed9\u5168\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5316\u7834\u706d\u7684\u201c\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u201d[17]\u3002 <\/p>\n
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\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784(state-building)\u8fdb\u7a0b\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e3a\u5148\u5bfc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5bf9\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e76\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u94f2\u9664\u5265\u524a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u683c\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u6539\u9020\u3002\u4ece\u201c\u90bb\u91cc\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u5230\u201c\u8857\u574a\u5f0f\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u201d\u5f0f\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5851\u9020\u3002\u793e\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u6700\u76f4\u767d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u653f\u6743\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6eb6\u5165\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5fe0\u8bda\u7b49\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u6559\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u4e0e\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u201d(work unite)\u7d27\u5bc6\u4f34\u751f\u3001\u96c6\u805a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u8d8b\u5411\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u63a7\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u8f83\u5f31\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u793e\u533a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u2461\uff0c\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u5bc6\u7ec7\u7684\u6027\u72b6\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u5747\u8d28\u5316\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u652f\u914d\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7f6e\u6362\u3002\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b83\u8d2a\u5a6a\u9010\u5229\u7684\u51f6\u731b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6467\u67af\u62c9\u673d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u518d\u9020\u3002\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u6240\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u201c\u6355\u83b7\u201d\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u5176\u516c\u5171\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u9644\u5eb8\uff0c\u5815\u843d\u4e3a\u9010\u5229\u578b\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4ee5\u5e02\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u53d1\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u6743\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u800c\u88ab\u4ee5\u571f\u5730\/\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u76ca\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u53d1\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u793e\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u8d2f\u5f7b\uff0c\u800c\u5145\u585e\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u697c\u76d8\u9500\u552e\u5ba3\u626c\u5f02\u57df\u98ce\u683c\u53ca\u8d8b\u5bcc\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5356\u70b9\u7092\u4f5c\u3002\u4f4f\u5b85\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u4ea4\u6362\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u88ab\u52a8\u4ea7\u5316\uff0c\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u5230\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u7a00\u6709\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u75af\u72c2\u6295\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u65e5\u76ca\u5815\u843d[9]133\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u62c6\u8fc1\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8c61\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8361\u5e73\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u5851\u9020\u6743\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7ea7\u5dee\u5730\u79df\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5f02\u4e0a\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u5f02\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u534a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d[9]62\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8d44\u672c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u9a6c\u8d5b\u514b(mosaic)\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5355\u4f53\u5747\u8d28\u800c\u6574\u4f53\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784[24]452\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5305\u7ed5\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u5546\u4e1a\/\u884c\u653f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5708\u5c42\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\uff1b\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7a7a\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5316\u8d8b\u5411\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u660e\u663e\u589e\u5f3a\u2462\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6d89\u5165\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u62c6\u8fc1\u8fd0\u52a8\u6495\u6bc1\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u521a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5730\u57df\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u5ea7\u65b0\u57ce\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u793e\u533a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u6495\u88c2\uff0c\u5bc6\u7ec7\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5173\u8054\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u800c\u79bb\u6563\u5316\u3002\u793e\u533a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u5f02\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5411\u5916\u56f4\u5448\u5708\u578b\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u4f4d\u3002\u652f\u6491\u793e\u533a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u7531\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/b><\/b> <\/p>\n
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\u6ce8\u91ca<\/b>\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u2460\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u8054\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5171\u540c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6210\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4fa7\u91cd\u793e\u533a\u5185\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8d3a\u96ea\u5cf0\uff0c\u4edd\u5fd7\u8f89\uff0c\u8bba\u6751\u5e84\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u8054\u2014\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u6751\u5e84\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840[J]. \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c2002(3)\uff1a125. <\/p>\n
\u2461\u793e\u533a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u6307\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8d3a\u96ea\u5cf0.\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5206\u5c42\u4e0e\u7f3a\u5931\u8bb0\u5fc6\u578b\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784[J].\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2001(2)\uff1a69. <\/p>\n
\u2462\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5747\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6309\u63ed\u8d37\u6b3e\u8d2d\u623f\uff0c\u8fc7\u91cd\u7684\u623f\u8d37\u538b\u529b\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4e1a\u4e3b\u804c\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u538b\u5236\u548c\u524a\u5f31\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f0\u6027\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/b>\uff1a <\/p>\n
[1]\u4e8e\u4e00\u51e1.\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u4f4f\u5f62\u6001\u5b66[M].\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010. <\/p>\n
[2]\u6842\u52c7.\u90bb\u91cc\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8[M].\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c2008. <\/p>\n
[3]\u6731\u5065\u521a.\u56fd\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u90bb\u91cc\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u533a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7[D].\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c2002. <\/p>\n
[4]\u5f20\u9e3f\u96c1.\u4fb5\u5165\u4e0e\u63a5\u66ff\u2014\u2014\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u8fc1\u65b0\u8bba[M].\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\uff1a341. <\/p>\n
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St. Martin\u2019s Press\uff0c1976\uff1a14\u201417. <\/p>\n
[6]MANUEL CASTELLS.\u201c\u90fd\u5e02\u95ee\u9898\u201d[C]\/\/\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u8bfb\u672c.\u590f\u94f8\u4e5d\uff0c\u738b\u5fd7\u5f18\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1.\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u660e\u6587\u4e66\u5c40.1977. <\/p>\n
[7]\u5409\u767b\u65af.\u5386\u53f2\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6279\u5224\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6[M].\u90ed\u5fe0\u534e\uff0c\u8bd1.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff1a150. <\/p>\n
[8]DAVID BKAY. Social Space and Governance in Urban China\uff1b <\/p>\n
the Danwei System from Origins to Urban Reform[M]. California: <\/p>\n
Stanford university press,2005\uff1a125. <\/p>\n
[9]\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u52d2\u83f2\u5f17.\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb[M].\u674e\u6625\uff0c\u8bd1.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e.2007. <\/p>\n
[10]\u8fea\u8036\u00b7\u8428\u8fea\u5947.\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5efa\u7b51[M].\u738b\u6653\u521a\uff0c\u5f20\u79c0\u82b3\uff0c\u8bd1.\u91cd\u5e86\uff1a\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e.2007. <\/p>\n
[11]\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\uff1a\u7b2c4\u5377[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991. <\/p>\n
[12]\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a.\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u4ef6[R].1952. <\/p>\n
[13]\u5f20\u656c\u6de6.\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d44\u6599.\u5317\u4eac\u5efa\u8bbe\u53f2\u4e66\u7f16\u8f91\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6599\uff0c1986. <\/p>\n
[14]\u4f55\u6167\u73ca.\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u5317\u4eac\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u5236\u56fe\u6f14\u53d8[D].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2005\uff1a12. <\/p>\n
[15]DUANFANG LU. Remakin. g Chinese Urban Form\uff1b <\/p>\n
Modernity\uff0cScarcity and Space\uff0c1949-2005[M].London\uff1a Routledge\uff0c2006.\uff1a31. <\/p>\n
[16]JAMES C. SCOTT. Seeing Like a State\uff1bHow Certain Schemes to Improve the Human <\/p>\n
Condition Have Failed[M].New Haven\uff1bYale University Press\uff0c1998\uff1a5. <\/p>\n
[17]\u5362\u7aef\u82b3.\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u516c\u793e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49[J].\u65f6\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c2007(5)\uff1a22. <\/p>\n
[18]\u5218\u71d5\u8f89.\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f4f\u623f60\u5e74(1949-2009)\u5f80\u4e8b\u56de\u7738[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff1a172. <\/p>\n
[19]\u9648\u6620\u82b3.\u90fd\u5e02\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66[M].\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff1a1. <\/p>\n
[20]\u95f5\u601d\u537f.\u57ce\u5e02\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u98ce\u8c8c\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a[C]\/\/\u9648\u6620\u82b3.\u90fd\u5e02\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\uff1a498. <\/p>\n
[21]\u4e2d\u5188\u6df1\u96ea.\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f4f\u623f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0e\u4f4f\u623f\u5f00\u53d1[C]\/\/\u6797\u62d3\uff0c\u6c34\u5185\u4fca\u96c4\u7b49.\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u8fc1\u2014\u2014\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u751f\u6001\u3001\u6cbb\u7406.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\uff1a393. <\/p>\n
[22]\u6839\u7279\u57ce\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4.\u57ce\u5e02\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u793e\u533a\u548c\u672c\u8d28[M].\u656c\u4e1c\uff0c\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u5229\u6c34\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\uff1a15. <\/p>\n
[23]\u5434\u542f\u7130\uff0c\u7f57\u8273.\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76[J].\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\uff0c2007(8)\uff1a30-31. <\/p>\n
[24]\u6768\u4e0a\u5e7f.\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6f14\u53d8\u8d8b\u52bf\u53ca\u4e2d\u5916\u6bd4\u8f83[C]\/\/\u6797\u62d3\uff0c\u6c34\u5185\u4fca\u96c4\u7b49.\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u8fc1\u2014\u2014\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u751f\u6001\u3001\u6cbb\u7406.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5de6\u5e7f\u5175\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f \u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u7814\u7a76 … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb