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\/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u539f\u578b\u662f\u4f4f\u623f\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4ee5\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u533a\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u4f4f\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5176\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u57ce\u5e02\u90bb\u91cc\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4f4f\u623f\u4ea7\u6743\u79c1\u6709\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed8\u8d39\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6216\u51c6\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u4eab\u7528\u7684\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6709\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8fb9\u754c(\u7a7a\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u8fb9\u754c)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u533a\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e00)\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d(Gemeinschaft)\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d(Gesellschaft)\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af(1999)\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u4e8c\u5143\u5212\u5206\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a(1999\u223631)\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u7531\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u610f\u5fd7\u201d(\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u672c\u80fd\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6)\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u8840\u7f18(\u5bb6\u5ead)\u3001\u5730\u7f18(\u6751\u5e84)\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5171\u540c\u4f53(\u53cb\u8c0a\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u56e2\u4f53)\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u7531\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u610f\u5fd7\u201d(\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u6982\u5ff5)\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u786e\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5951\u7ea6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u80a1\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u534f\u4f1a\u7b49\u4e43\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u770b\u6765(1999\u223654)\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u805a\u5408\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u91cc\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5927\u4e8e\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u5927\u4e8e\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u201d(\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\uff0c1999\u223653)\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u666e\u904d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6240\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u7b14\u8005\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u3001\u97e6\u4f2f(2005)\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u201c\u7ed3\u5408\u4f53\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5730\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u90bb\u91cc\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4ea4\u5f80\u7b49\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7269\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8)\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392(\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\u548c\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u81f3\u4e92\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb(\u8096\u6797\uff0c2011)\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u7528\u4e0b\u88681\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u3002 <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/64\/6410\/201304\/W020130516406465883575.jpg\"\/> 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\/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6307\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6db5\u4e0a\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6ed5\u5c3c\u65af(1999\u2236318-319)\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u770b\u505a\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u667a\u201d\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90bb\u91cc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4(\u6731\u5065\u521a\uff0c2010)\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5219\u5c06\u90bb\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5904\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7c98\u8fde\u201d\u72b6\u6001(\u6842\u52c7\uff0c2008)\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u7b2c\u4e09\u9886\u57df\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28(\u90ed\u4f1f\u548c\uff0c2010)\u3002\u4ece\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u201c\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u5e76\u975e\u2018\u56fd\u5bb6\u2019\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6d78\u900f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u201d(\u738b\u6c49\u751f\u3001\u5434\u83b9\uff0c2011)\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u90fd\u5728\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5206\u5316\u548c\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u90bb\u91cc\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u5171\u751f\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u547c\u5401\u7528\u201c\u591a\u5143\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u53d6\u5411\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8303\u5f0f(\u9a6c\u536b\u7ea2\u3001\u6842\u52c7\u3001\u9a86\u5929\u73cf\uff0c2008\uff1b\u6842\u52c7\uff0c2008\uff1b\u5218\u5a01\uff0c2010)\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u7ec7\u3001\u6216\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u90bb\u91cc\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff1b\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e0b\u88682\u6765\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/64\/6410\/201304\/W020130516406465952641.jpg\"\/> <\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8def\u5f84<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5747\u5f88\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u201c\u8d8a\u4f4d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9519\u4f4d\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7f3a\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fc1\u79fb\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u5f81\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e00)\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u9636\u5c42\u5316\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5f62\u6210<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5177\u6709\u5c45\u4f4f\u5206\u5c42\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u805a\u96c6\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4f4f\u623f\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee5\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u9662\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\u90bb\u91cc\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u683c\u5c40\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u533a\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u571f\u5730\u7684\u7ea7\u5dee\u5730\u79df\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4f4f\u5b85\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u533a\u5728\u6240\u5904\u5730\u6bb5\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u5bb9\u79ef\u7387\u3001\u7eff\u5316\u7387\u3001\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u7269\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u4f4f\u623f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5730\u4f4d\u5546\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u96f7\u514b\u65af\u548c\u83ab\u5c14(Rex\uff0cJ. and Moore\uff0cR.1967)\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u6cbf\u7740\u97e6\u4f2f\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u89d2\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u9014\u5f84(\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u79d1\u5c42)\u3001\u533a\u4f4d\u4f18\u52a3\u548c\u4ea7\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u4f4f\u623f\u9636\u7ea7\u201d(Housing Class)\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5b9a\u578b\u5316\u662f\u4e0e\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5316\u662f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u673a\u5236\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u5316\u4e0e\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5c45\u4f4f\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5316\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u533a\u5185\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5f7c\u6b64\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u6240\u5904\u751f\u547d\u5386\u7a0b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4f3c(\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5ffd\u89c6)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u9ad8\u7aef\u7684\u522b\u5885\u5c0f\u533a\u548c\u4f4e\u7aef\u7684\u62c6\u8fc1\u5b89\u7f6e\u5c0f\u533a\u6216\u4fdd\u969c\u6027\u4f4f\u623f\u5c0f\u533a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u591a\u6570\u57ce\u5e02\u65b0\u578b\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u805a\u5c45\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u4e92\u52a8\u4e5f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5f3a\u5316\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f57\u6839\u548c\u83ab\u6d1b\u5947(Logan and Molotch\uff0c1987)\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u4e16\u88ad\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90bb\u91cc\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u573a\u6240\u7684\u5206\u5c42(the stratification of places)\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42(the stratification of individuals)\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u8003\u8651\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6027<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u505a\u51fa\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u201c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u5f31\u719f\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e43\u81f3\u201c\u719f\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u6765\u81ea\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u548c\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u53ea\u662f\u4e70\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u623f\u4ea7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u518d\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u5e73\u7b49\u4ea4\u5f80\u3001\u5bfb\u670b\u89c5\u53cb\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u534f\u5546\u3001\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5931\u843d\u611f\u548c\u5b64\u72ec\u611f\u8feb\u5207\u5730\u9700\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7167\u6599\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u73b0\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u4e2d\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e2\u4f53(\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5531\u6b4c\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u4e66\u753b\u3001\u68cb\u724c\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u517b\u751f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762)\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e92\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5de5\u4f5c\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u7136\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u6240\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4f4f\u623f\u88c5\u4fee\u9a8c\u6536\u3001\u623f\u4ea7\u6743\u76ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u7231\u597d\u6d3b\u52a8(\u5305\u62ec\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u6444\u5f71\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u5065\u8eab\u3001\u5ba0\u7269\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u3001\u7535\u8111\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7406\u8d22\u6295\u8d44\u7b49\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u7684\u65b9\u9762)\u3001\u5b50\u5973\u629a\u517b\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6269\u5927\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u793e\u533a\u5185\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e1a\u4e3b\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90bb\u91cc\u793e\u533a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u5730\u57df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u623f\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u96c6\u5408\u5230\u5171\u540c\u623f\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6574\u5408\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5206\u644a\u3001\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4ea7\u6743\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u76ca\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u751a\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9646\u7eed\u5730\u81ea\u53d1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u4e1a\u4e3b\u76d1\u4e8b\u4f1a\/\u76d1\u7763\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u697c\u5b87\u4e1a\u59d4\u4f1a\u3001\u4e1a\u4e3b\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u4e1a\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u9a7e\u9a6c\u8f66(\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u3001\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3001\u7269\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8)\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u591a\u65b9\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u6c9f\u901a\u534f\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u673a\u5236\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u666e\u901a\u4e1a\u4e3b\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3001\u4e1a\u4e3b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6743\u529b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u6269\u5927\u4e1a\u59d4\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e09)\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u7684\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u6027<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f80\u5f80\u6ede\u540e\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u53c8\u662f\u7531\u201c\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u201d\u5230\u9010\u6e10\u201c\u5165\u573a\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5c42\u9762\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u6ede\u540e\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u90ca\u533a\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u623f\u5c0f\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u767d\u9886\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u8d28\u548c\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u5374\u5904\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u6216\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6cbf\u7528\u519c\u6751\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000(\u56db)\u8d1f\u9762\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u7ea0\u7ed3\u4e0d\u6e05)\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u8feb\u4f7f\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u6297\u4e89\u884c\u52a8(\u4e0a\u8bbf\u3001\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u8bc9\u4e4b\u5a92\u4f53\u4e43\u81f3\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5927\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u793e\u533a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5c0f\u533a\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e5f\u4e25\u91cd\u6ede\u540e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u578b\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u662f\u5728\u539f\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u5174\u5efa\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u6c34\u7535\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5361\u65af\u7279(Castells\uff0c1977)\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0d\u88ab\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u6765\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ecb\u5165\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u57ce\u5e02\u95ee\u9898\u6108\u53d1\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f62\u6001\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e5\u5e38\u6d88\u8d39\u6a21\u5f0f\u96c6\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\uff1b\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u90fd\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8(Castells\uff0c1983)\u3002Logan\u548cMolotch(1987)\u4e5f\u501f\u9274\u4e86Castells\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f62\u6210\u7a7a\u95f4\u7279\u6b8a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u573a\u6240\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u6240\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ece\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u548c\u634d\u536b\u90bb\u91cc\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u4e0e\u4f4f\u623f\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4f4f\u623f\u79c1\u6709\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e1a\u4e3b\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u5c0f\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u5c11\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u90bb\u907f\u201d\u73b0\u8c61(\u201cNIMBY\u201d\u5373\u201cNot 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\/>\u3000\u3000(\u4e94)\u793e\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u6709\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e5f\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79ef\u84c4\u5e76\u6210\u5bb6\u7f6e\u4e1a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6dfb\u4e01\u751f\u5b50\uff0c\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u7236\u8f88\u8ffd\u968f\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b50\u8f88\u6765\u5230\u964c\u751f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5e76\u7167\u987e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b59\u8f88\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4ece\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u201c\u4e3b\u5e72\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u5411\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u65b0\u578b\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u5e72\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u3002\u793e\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u6765\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba(\u6bd4\u5982\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e1a\u4e3b)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u201c\u793e\u533a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u5bdf\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u5bdf\u7269\u4e1a\u5c0f\u533a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u800c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u6392\u65a5\u4e86\u975e\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u7269\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec6\u8282\u6070\u597d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u201d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee3\u9645\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e2d\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7531\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u4eba\u201d\u5411\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793e\u533a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u5236\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u5355\u4f4d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u718f\u9676\u800c\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u5e76\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u914d\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u5386\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u201d\u5411\u201c\u793e\u533a\u4eba\u201d\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u6d89\u5165\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u65b9\u5f0f\u5747\u4e0e\u5176\u7236\u8f88\u6709\u7740\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000(\u516d)\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u5408\u70b9<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5316\u3001\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u7b49\u5185\u5728\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529b\u91cf\u201d(\u514b\u83b1\u00b7\u820d\u57fa\uff0c2009)\u3002\u8fd1\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5feb\u901f\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u548c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6070\u6070\u4e5f\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\u6070\u6070\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u8d8b\u52bf\u88ab\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u793e\u533a\u6cbb\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e25\u91cd\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u591a\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u7136\u628a\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u793e\u533a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u5408\u800c\u517c\u6709\u201c\u865a\u62df\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u7279\u5f81\u3002<br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8bba\u575b\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e00\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7ef4\u6743\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9635\u5730\u548c\u6709\u6548\u52a8\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7ef4\u6743\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5c0f\u533a\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u7248\u9762\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u628a\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u548c\u7269\u4e1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u4f17\uff0c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e5f\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u4e89\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f51\u4e0a\u7ef4\u6743\u6d3b\u52a8\u66f4\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u548c\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3002<br 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